वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-91, verse-5

न हि ते निष्ठुरं वाच्यो भरतो नाप्रियं वचः ।
अहं ह्यप्रियमुक्तः स्यां भरतस्याप्रिये कृते ॥५॥

5. na hi te niṣṭhuraṃ vācyo bharato nāpriyaṃ vacaḥ ,
ahaṃ hyapriyamuktaḥ syāṃ bharatasyāpriye kṛte.

5. na hi te niṣṭhuram vācyaḥ bharataḥ na apriyam vacaḥ
| aham hi apriyam uktaḥ syām bharatasya apriye kṛte

5. hi te bharataḥ niṣṭhuram na vācyaḥ,
na apriyam vacaḥ (vācyaḥ) hi bharatasya apriye kṛte,
aham apriyam uktaḥ syām

5. Indeed, Bharata should not be spoken to roughly or with unpleasant words by you. For I myself would be considered to have been spoken to disagreeably if any unpleasantness were done to Bharata.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

• ते (te) - by you

• निष्ठुरम् (niṣṭhuram) - harshly (adverbial) (harshly, roughly; harsh, rough)

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be spoken, should be spoken

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• न (na) - not

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

• अहम् (aham) - I

• हि (hi) - for (introducing a reason) (indeed, for, surely)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeably (adverbial) (unpleasant, disagreeably)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to (disagreeably) (spoken, said)

• स्याम् (syām) - I would be, I should be

• भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

• अप्रिये (apriye) - if any unpleasantness were done (in an unpleasantness, if unpleasantness (occurs))

• कृते (kṛte) - when done, if done (done, made)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (second person pronoun)

निष्ठुरम् (niṣṭhuram) - harshly (adverbial) (harshly, roughly; harsh, rough)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niṣṭhura

niṣṭhura - harsh, cruel, rigid, severe

Note: Used adverbially here

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be spoken, should be spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, speakable, fit to be spoken

Gerundive

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix -ya

Root: vac (class 2)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name), cherished, maintained

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Negation of 'priya' with 'a-' prefix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

हि (hi) - for (introducing a reason) (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeably (adverbial) (unpleasant, disagreeably)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Negation of 'priya' with 'a-' prefix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to (disagreeably) (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

स्याम् (syām) - I would be, I should be

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhilin) of as

Root: as (class 2)

भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name), cherished, maintained

अप्रिये (apriye) - if any unpleasantness were done (in an unpleasantness, if unpleasantness (occurs))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Negation of 'priya' with 'a-' prefix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used as a substantive, 'in unpleasantness'

कृते (kṛte) - when done, if done (done, made)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Locative absolute construction, 'when/if [something] is done'

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