वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-91, verse-12

एतौ तौ संप्रकाशेते गोत्रवन्तौ मनोरमौ ।
वायुवेगसमौ वीर जवनौ तुरगोत्तमौ ॥१२॥

12. etau tau saṃprakāśete gotravantau manoramau ,
vāyuvegasamau vīra javanau turagottamau.

12. etau tau samprakāśete gotravantau manoramau
vāyuvega samau vīra javanau turaga uttamau

12. vīra,
etau tau gotravantau manoramau samprakāśete (etau tau) vāyuvega samau javanau turaga uttamau (staḥ)

12. O hero, those two, splendid and charming, appear before us; they are excellent horses, swift as the wind, and of noble breed.

Words meanings summery:

• एतौ (etau) - these two (horses) (these two)

• तौ (tau) - those two (horses) (those two)

• सम्प्रकाशेते (samprakāśete) - they appear before us (they shine forth, they appear clearly, they are seen)

• गोत्रवन्तौ (gotravantau) - of noble breed (for horses) (having a family, of good lineage, illustrious)

• मनोरमौ (manoramau) - charming (charming, beautiful, delightful to the mind)

• वायुवेग (vāyuvega) - speed of wind (speed of wind, wind-like speed)

• समौ (samau) - like (the speed of wind) (equal, similar)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative, addressing Lakshmana) (hero, brave man)

• जवनौ (javanau) - swift (swift, quick)

• तुरग (turaga) - horses (horse)

• उत्तमौ (uttamau) - excellent (best, excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

एतौ (etau) - these two (horses) (these two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative dual masculine

तौ (tau) - those two (horses) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative dual masculine

सम्प्रकाशेते (samprakāśete) - they appear before us (they shine forth, they appear clearly, they are seen)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, present (Laṭ) of prakāś

Present middle

From root √kāś (to shine) with prefixes sam- and pra-, 3rd person dual

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'etau tau'.

गोत्रवन्तौ (gotravantau) - of noble breed (for horses) (having a family, of good lineage, illustrious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gotravat

gotravat - having a family, of noble lineage, of good breed, illustrious

Possessive suffix -vat from gotra

मनोरमौ (manoramau) - charming (charming, beautiful, delightful to the mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of manorama

manorama - charming, beautiful, delightful to the mind

From manas (mind) + ram (to delight)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (manas+rama)

• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
• rama – delighting, pleasing
  adjective
  From root √ram (to rejoice, delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

वायुवेग (vāyuvega) - speed of wind (speed of wind, wind-like speed)

(noun)

masculine of vāyuvega

vāyuvega - speed of wind, wind-like speed

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vāyu+vega)

• vāyu – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  From √vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: First part of the compound 'vāyu-vega-samau'.

समौ (samau) - like (the speed of wind) (equal, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - equal, similar, same, like

वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative, addressing Lakshmana) (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, excellent man

Note: Addressing Lakshmana.

जवनौ (javanau) - swift (swift, quick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of javana

javana - swift, quick, agile

From root √jū (to be swift) or √jav (to speed)

Root: jū (class 1)

तुरग (turaga) - horses (horse)

(noun)

masculine of turaga

turaga - horse (literally 'going quickly')

From √tur (to hasten) + √gam (to go)

Root: tur (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound with 'uttamau'.

उत्तमौ (uttamau) - excellent (best, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest

Superlative of 'ud' (up) or 'ūrdhva' (high)

Note: Forms a compound with 'turaga'.

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