वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-78, verse-10

तमायान्तं तु संप्रेक्ष्य सूतपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
भरतायाचचक्षे ऽथ विनयज्ञो विनीतवत् ॥१०॥

10. tamāyāntaṃ tu saṃprekṣya sūtaputraḥ pratāpavān ,
bharatāyācacakṣe'tha vinayajño vinītavat.

10. tam āyantam tu samprekṣya sūtaputraḥ pratāpavān
bharatāya ācacukṣe atha vinayajñaḥ vinītavat

10. pratāpavān sūtaputraḥ vinayajñaḥ atha tam
āyantam samprekṣya vinītavat bharatāya ācacukṣe

10. Having seen him approaching, the mighty son of the charioteer (Sumantra), who knew propriety, then respectfully spoke to Bharata.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Guha) (him, that (masculine singular))

• आयन्तम् (āyantam) - approaching (referring to Guha) (approaching, coming)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Sumantra, the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty (describing Sumantra) (mighty, powerful, glorious)

• भरताय (bharatāya) - to Bharata

• आचचुक्षे (ācacukṣe) - he said, he told, he informed

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• विनयज्ञः (vinayajñaḥ) - one who understood propriety (referring to Sumantra) (one who knows propriety, courteous, humble)

• विनीतवत् (vinītavat) - respectfully, humbly, politely

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Guha) (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आयन्तम् (āyantam) - approaching (referring to Guha) (approaching, coming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyant

āyant - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ā' and the present participle suffix '-ant'.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra', forming an absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Sumantra, the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer; a mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty (describing Sumantra) (mighty, powerful, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, majestic

Possessive suffix '-vat' added to 'pratāpa' (power, glory).

भरताय (bharatāya) - to Bharata

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king or character in the Rāmāyaṇa); supported, borne

आचचुक्षे (ācacukṣe) - he said, he told, he informed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of ā-cakṣ

Perfect tense, Middle voice

Root 'cakṣ' (to speak) with prefix 'ā'. Perfect tense (lit).

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

विनयज्ञः (vinayajñaḥ) - one who understood propriety (referring to Sumantra) (one who knows propriety, courteous, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinayajña

vinayajña - knowing propriety, courteous, humble, polite

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vinaya+jña)

• vinaya – propriety, humility, good conduct, discipline
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, expert in
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

विनीतवत् (vinītavat) - respectfully, humbly, politely

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix '-vat' added to 'vinīta' (modest, disciplined).