वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-78, verse-1

ततो निविष्टां ध्वजिनीं गङ्गामन्वाश्रितां नदीम् ।
निषादराजो दृष्ट्वैव ज्ञातीन् संत्वरितो ऽब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. tato niviṣṭāṃ dhvajinīṃ gaṅgāmanvāśritāṃ nadīm ,
niṣādarājo dṛṣṭvaiva jñātīn saṃtvarito'bravīt.

1. tataḥ niviṣṭām dhvajinīm gaṅgām anu āśritām nadīm
niṣādarājaḥ dṛṣṭvā eva jñātīn saṃtvaritaḥ abravīt

1. tataḥ saṃtvaritaḥ niṣādarājaḥ gaṅgām nadīm anu
āśritām niviṣṭām dhvajinīm dṛṣṭvā eva jñātīn abravīt

1. Then, immediately upon seeing that army encamped along the Ganga river, the Niṣāda king (niṣādarāja), having become greatly agitated, spoke to his kinsmen.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• निविष्टाम् (niviṣṭām) - encamped, settled, entered

• ध्वजिनीम् (dhvajinīm) - army, host (lit. banner-possessing)

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - Ganga (river)

• अनु (anu) - along (along, after, near)

• आश्रिताम् (āśritām) - situated along (the Ganga) (situated, resorted to, dependent on)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - (the) river (Ganga) (river)

• निषादराजः (niṣādarājaḥ) - Guha, the king of the Niṣādas (king of the Niṣādas)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• एव (eva) - immediately upon seeing (indeed, just, only, immediately)

• ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - kinsmen, relatives

• संत्वरितः (saṁtvaritaḥ) - greatly hurried, agitated, alarmed

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

निविष्टाम् (niviṣṭām) - encamped, settled, entered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niviṣṭa

niviṣṭa - encamped, settled, entered

Past Passive Participle

from ni-viś (to enter, to settle)

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

ध्वजिनीम् (dhvajinīm) - army, host (lit. banner-possessing)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhvajinī

dhvajinī - army, host, (feminine of dhvajin - possessing a banner)

from dhvaja (banner) + -in (possessing) + -ī (feminine suffix)

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - Ganga (river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganga (Ganges)

Note: Object of 'anu āśritām'.

अनु (anu) - along (along, after, near)

(indeclinable)

आश्रिताम् (āśritām) - situated along (the Ganga) (situated, resorted to, dependent on)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - situated, resorted to, dependent on, joined

Past Passive Participle

from ā-śri (to resort to, to depend on)

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: It is combined with 'anu' to describe the army's location.

नदीम् (nadīm) - (the) river (Ganga) (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

निषादराजः (niṣādarājaḥ) - Guha, the king of the Niṣādas (king of the Niṣādas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣādarāja

niṣādarāja - king of the Niṣādas (a tribal group)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niṣāda+rāja)

• niṣāda – name of a tribal group/caste, hunter
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root dṛś (class 1) + -tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - immediately upon seeing (indeed, just, only, immediately)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - kinsmen, relatives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, acquaintance

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

संत्वरितः (saṁtvaritaḥ) - greatly hurried, agitated, alarmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtvarita

saṁtvarita - greatly hurried, agitated, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

from sam-tvar (to hasten, be quick)

Prefix: sam

Root: tvar (class 1)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

imperfect active

root bru (class 2), third person singular

Root: bru (class 2)