वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-63, verse-16

नरो यानेन यः स्वप्ने खरयुक्तेन याति हि ।
अचिरात्तस्य धूमाग्रं चितायां संप्रदृश्यते ।
एतन्निमित्तं दीनो ऽहं तन्न वः प्रतिपूजये ॥१६॥

16. naro yānena yaḥ svapne kharayuktena yāti hi ,
acirāttasya dhūmāgraṃ citāyāṃ saṃpradṛśyate ,
etannimittaṃ dīno'haṃ tanna vaḥ pratipūjaye.

16. naraḥ yānena yaḥ svapne kharayuktena
yāti hi acirāt tasya dhūmāgram
citāyām saṃpradṛśyate etat nimittam
dīnaḥ aham tat na vaḥ pratipūjaye

16. yaḥ naraḥ svapne kharayuktena yānena
yāti hi acirāt tasya citāyām
dhūmāgram saṃpradṛśyate etat nimittam
aham dīnaḥ tat vaḥ na pratipūjaye

16. The man who, in a dream, rides in a donkey-drawn chariot, soon indeed the peak of smoke from his funeral pyre is seen. For this reason, I am miserable, and therefore I cannot honor you.

Words meanings summery:

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• यानेन (yānena) - by a vehicle, by means of a chariot

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream

• खरयुक्तेन (kharayuktena) - yoked with donkeys, donkey-drawn

• याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds, moves

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अचिरात् (acirāt) - soon, without delay

• तस्य (tasya) - his

• धूमाग्रम् (dhūmāgram) - the peak of smoke, tip of smoke

• चितायाम् (citāyām) - on the funeral pyre

• संप्रदृश्यते (saṁpradṛśyate) - is seen, appears clearly

• एतत् (etat) - this

• निमित्तम् (nimittam) - reason, cause

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed, miserable, sad

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तत् (tat) - therefore, then

• न (na) - not

• वः (vaḥ) - you (plural, accusative)

• प्रतिपूजये (pratipūjaye) - I cannot honor you (as host, in ritual capacity) (I honor in return, I worship in return)

Words meanings and morphology

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, male

यानेन (yānena) - by a vehicle, by means of a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yāna

yāna - vehicle, chariot, carriage, going, journey

Derived from root 'yā' (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream, dreaming

Root: svap (class 2)

खरयुक्तेन (kharayuktena) - yoked with donkeys, donkey-drawn

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kharayukta

kharayukta - yoked with donkeys, drawn by donkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khara+yukta)

• khara – donkey, ass
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – yoked, joined, connected, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yuj'
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'yānena'

याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds, moves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अचिरात् (acirāt) - soon, without delay

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'acira' (not long) used adverbially

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+cira)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cira – long (of time)
  adjective (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'naraḥ'

धूमाग्रम् (dhūmāgram) - the peak of smoke, tip of smoke

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhūmāgra

dhūmāgra - peak of smoke, tip of smoke

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhūma+agra)

• dhūma – smoke, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, peak, top
  noun (neuter)

चितायाम् (citāyām) - on the funeral pyre

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of citā

citā - funeral pyre, heap, pile

Root: ci (class 5)

संप्रदृश्यते (saṁpradṛśyate) - is seen, appears clearly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dṛś

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

निमित्तम् (nimittam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - sign, omen, cause, reason, motive

Note: Used adverbially for 'for this reason'

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed, miserable, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sad, afflicted, humble

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dai' (to become miserable)

Root: dai (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'aham'

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

तत् (tat) - therefore, then

(indeclinable)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of 'tad' used adverbially

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वः (vaḥ) - you (plural, accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Can also be dative or genitive

प्रतिपूजये (pratipūjaye) - I cannot honor you (as host, in ritual capacity) (I honor in return, I worship in return)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative/potential (vidhiliṅ) of pūj

Prefix: prati

Root: pūj (class 10)

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