वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-63, verse-5

स तैर्महात्मा भरतः सखिभिः प्रिय वादिभिः ।
गोष्ठीहास्यानि कुर्वद्भिर्न प्राहृष्यत राघवः ॥५॥

5. sa tairmahātmā bharataḥ sakhibhiḥ priya vādibhiḥ ,
goṣṭhīhāsyāni kurvadbhirna prāhṛṣyata rāghavaḥ.

5. saḥ taiḥ mahātmā bharataḥ sakhibhiḥ priya vādibhiḥ
goṣṭhīhāsyāni kurvadbhiḥ na prāhṛṣyata rāghavaḥ

5. saḥ mahātmā bharataḥ rāghavaḥ taiḥ priya vādibhiḥ
sakhibhiḥ goṣṭhīhāsyāni kurvadbhiḥ na prāhṛṣyata

5. Even though surrounded by his pleasingly-speaking friends, who were making jokes in the assembly, the great-souled Bharata, the descendant of Raghu, did not rejoice.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

• सखिभिः (sakhibhiḥ) - by friends

• प्रिय (priya) - pleasing, dear

• वादिभिः (vādibhiḥ) - by those who speak

• गोष्ठीहास्यानि (goṣṭhīhāsyāni) - jokes/laughter of the assembly/gathering

• कुर्वद्भिः (kurvadbhiḥ) - by those who were doing/making

• न (na) - not

• प्राहृष्यत (prāhṛṣyata) - he did not rejoice/was not delighted

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Bharata, as a descendant of Raghu (descendant of Raghu)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+ātman)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, a country, etc.)

सखिभिः (sakhibhiḥ) - by friends

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

प्रिय (priya) - pleasing, dear

(adjective)

masculine, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Note: Part of the compound adjective 'priyavādibhiḥ', implicitly instrumental with 'vādibhiḥ'.

वादिभिः (vādibhiḥ) - by those who speak

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vādin

vādin - one who speaks, declares, an adherent of a doctrine

Agent noun

Derived from root 'vad' with suffix -in (ṇin)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: `priya vādibhiḥ` functions as a compound adjective 'priyavādin' in instrumental plural.

गोष्ठीहास्यानि (goṣṭhīhāsyāni) - jokes/laughter of the assembly/gathering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of goṣṭhīhāsya

goṣṭhīhāsya - assembly joke, laughter in a gathering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (goṣṭhī+hāsya)

• goṣṭhī – assembly, gathering, social circle, conversation
  noun (feminine)
• hāsya – laughter, joke, humor
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive of root 'has'
  Root: has (class 1)

कुर्वद्भिः (kurvadbhiḥ) - by those who were doing/making

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' with śatṛ suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्राहृष्यत (prāhṛṣyata) - he did not rejoice/was not delighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of prāhṛṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Bharata, as a descendant of Raghu (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (e.g., Rama, Bharata)

Patronymic derivation from Raghu

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