वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-63, verse-4

वादयन्ति तथा शान्तिं लासयन्त्यपि चापरे ।
नाटकान्यपरे प्राहुर्हास्यानि विविधानि च ॥४॥

4. vādayanti tathā śāntiṃ lāsayantyapi cāpare ,
nāṭakānyapare prāhurhāsyāni vividhāni ca.

4. vādayanti tathā śāntim lāsayanti api ca apare
| nāṭakāni apare prāhuḥ hāsyāni vividhāni ca

4. tathā (eke) śāntim vādayanti,
apare ca api lāsayanti apare ca vividhāni hāsyāni nāṭakāni prāhuḥ

4. Similarly, some played music for soothing, others also performed dances. And still others presented various humorous plays.

Words meanings summery:

• वादयन्ति (vādayanti) - they play (music) (they play (a musical instrument), they cause to sound)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way (thus, so, similarly, in that manner)

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - music for soothing/peace (peace, tranquility, appeasement, propitiatory rite, calming (music))

• लासयन्ति (lāsayanti) - they dance, they perform dances (they make to dance, they dance, they sport)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपरे (apare) - others (others, some others)

• नाटकानि (nāṭakāni) - plays (dramas, plays)

• अपरे (apare) - still others (others, some others)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they presented, they recounted (they say, they declare, they relate, they speak)

• हास्यानि (hāsyāni) - humorous (humorous, laughable, comical)

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

वादयन्ति (vādayanti) - they play (music) (they play (a musical instrument), they cause to sound)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √vad

Causative present

Causative form of root √vad (1st class, Parasmaipada).

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Often used transitively to mean 'to play an instrument'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way (thus, so, similarly, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - music for soothing/peace (peace, tranquility, appeasement, propitiatory rite, calming (music))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, appeasement, propitiatory rite

Note: Here, likely refers to a type of music or performance aimed at bringing peace/calm.

लासयन्ति (lāsayanti) - they dance, they perform dances (they make to dance, they dance, they sport)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √las

Causative present

Causative form of root √las (1st class, Parasmaipada).

Root: las (class 1)

Note: Can be used reflexively or transitively; here, it means 'they dance'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपरे (apare) - others (others, some others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, different

Note: Indefinite pronoun.

नाटकानि (nāṭakāni) - plays (dramas, plays)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nāṭaka

nāṭaka - drama, play, theatrical performance

अपरे (apare) - still others (others, some others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, different

Note: Indefinite pronoun.

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they presented, they recounted (they say, they declare, they relate, they speak)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of √ah

Perfect (liṭ) of root √ah (irregular verb), with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Also seen as pra-√brū.

हास्यानि (hāsyāni) - humorous (humorous, laughable, comical)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of hāsya

hāsya - humorous, laughable, comical

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root √has (to laugh).

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nāṭakāni.

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Agrees with nāṭakāni.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

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