वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-63, verse-6

तमब्रवीत् प्रियसखो भरतं सखिभिर्वृतम् ।
सुहृद्भिः पर्युपासीनः किं सखे नानुमोदसे ॥६॥

6. tamabravīt priyasakho bharataṃ sakhibhirvṛtam ,
suhṛdbhiḥ paryupāsīnaḥ kiṃ sakhe nānumodase.

6. tam abravīt priyasakhaḥ bharatam sakhibhiḥ vṛtam
suhṛdbhiḥ paryupāsīnaḥ kim sakhe na anumodase

6. priyasakhaḥ suhṛdbhiḥ sakhibhiḥ vṛtam bharatam
paryupāsīnaḥ tam abravīt sakhe kim na anumodase

6. His dear friend, sitting among the well-wishers who surrounded Bharata, asked him: "O friend, why do you not rejoice?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said

• प्रियसखः (priyasakhaḥ) - dear friend

• भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata (accusative)

• सखिभिः (sakhibhiḥ) - by friends

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

• सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by well-wishers, by good friends

• पर्युपासीनः (paryupāsīnaḥ) - sitting around, attending upon

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• सखे (sakhe) - O friend

• न (na) - not

• अनुमोदसे (anumodase) - you do not rejoice/approve/agree

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)

प्रियसखः (priyasakhaḥ) - dear friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyasakha

priyasakha - a dear friend, beloved companion

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+sakhi)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective
• sakhi – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, a country, etc.)

सखिभिः (sakhibhiḥ) - by friends

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by well-wishers, by good friends

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - well-wisher, friend, good-hearted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

पर्युपासीनः (paryupāsīnaḥ) - sitting around, attending upon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paryupāsīna

paryupāsīna - sitting around, attending upon, serving, waiting upon

Present Middle Participle (śānac)

Derived from root 'ās' with prefixes 'pari' and 'upa'

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an interrogative particle here.

सखे (sakhe) - O friend

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, ally

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अनुमोदसे (anumodase) - you do not rejoice/approve/agree

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of anumud

Prefix: anu

Root: mud (class 1)

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