वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-34, verse-1

उपास्य रात्रिशेषं तु शोणाकूले महर्षिभिः ।
निशायां सुप्रभातायां विश्वामित्रो ऽभ्यभाषत ॥१॥

1. upāsya rātriśeṣaṃ tu śoṇākūle maharṣibhiḥ ,
niśāyāṃ suprabhātāyāṃ viśvāmitro'bhyabhāṣata.

1. upāsya rātriśeṣam tu śoṇākūle maharṣibhiḥ
niśāyām suprabhātāyām viśvāmitraḥ abhyabhāṣata

1. maharṣibhiḥ śoṇākūle rātriśeṣam upāsya tu
niśāyām suprabhātāyām viśvāmitraḥ abhyabhāṣata

1. After spending the rest of the night with the great sages (maharṣibhiḥ) on the bank of the Śoṇā River, when the night had yielded to a beautiful dawn, Viśvāmitra addressed them.

Words meanings summery:

• उपास्य (upāsya) - having spent/passed (time) (having spent, having passed, having sat near)

• रात्रिशेषम् (rātriśeṣam) - the rest of the night (remainder of the night, rest of the night)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• शोणाकूले (śoṇākūle) - on the bank of the Śoṇā River (on the bank of the river Śoṇā)

• महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - with the great sages (by/with the great sages)

• निशायाम् (niśāyām) - when the night (in the night, during the night)

• सुप्रभातायाम् (suprabhātāyām) - having yielded to a beautiful dawn (well-dawned, beautifully morning, brightly dawned)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (proper name))

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed (them) (he addressed, he spoke to)

Words meanings and morphology

उपास्य (upāsya) - having spent/passed (time) (having spent, having passed, having sat near)

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from root ās (to sit) with prefix upa + suffix lyaP.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Gerund indicating prior action.

रात्रिशेषम् (rātriśeṣam) - the rest of the night (remainder of the night, rest of the night)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rātriśeṣa

rātriśeṣa - remainder of the night

Tatpuruṣa compound (genitive).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+śeṣa)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• śeṣa – remainder, rest, remnant
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'śiṣ' (to leave).
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Object of upāsya.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle.

शोणाकूले (śoṇākūle) - on the bank of the Śoṇā River (on the bank of the river Śoṇā)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śoṇākūla

śoṇākūla - bank of the river Śoṇā

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoṇā+kūla)

• śoṇā – river Śoṇā (proper name), red
  proper noun (feminine)
• kūla – bank, shore, slope
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial locative.

महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - with the great sages (by/with the great sages)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, venerable seer

Karmadhāraya compound of mahā (great) and ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

Note: Indicates accompaniment for the action of upāsya.

निशायाम् (niśāyām) - when the night (in the night, during the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

सुप्रभातायाम् (suprabhātāyām) - having yielded to a beautiful dawn (well-dawned, beautifully morning, brightly dawned)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of suprabhātā

suprabhātā - well-dawned, bright morning

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (good, well) and prabhātā (dawned, become morning).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+prabhātā)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• prabhāta – dawned, morning, become light
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhā' (to shine) with prefix 'pra' + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (a celebrated sage)

Compound: 'viśva' (all) + 'mitra' (friend), meaning 'friend of all.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal
  adjective (masculine)
• mitra – friend, companion, sun-god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of abhyabhāṣata.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed (them) (he addressed, he spoke to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-bhāṣ

Imperfect (laṅ) form, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)