वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-24, verse-1

अथ तस्याप्रमेयस्य मुनेर्वचनमुत्तमम् ।
श्रुत्वा पुरुषशार्दूलः प्रत्युवाच शुभां गिरम् ॥१॥

1. atha tasyāprameyasya munervacanamuttamam ,
śrutvā puruṣaśārdūlaḥ pratyuvāca śubhāṃ giram.

1. atha tasya aprameyasya muneḥ vacanam uttamam
śrutvā puruṣaśārdūlaḥ prati uvāca śubhām giram

1. atha puruṣaśārdūlaḥ tasya aprameyasya muneḥ uttamam vacanam śrutvā,
śubhām giram prati uvāca.

1. Then, having heard the excellent words of that profound (aprameya) sage, Rama, the best among men, replied with an auspicious speech.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

• अप्रमेयस्य (aprameyasya) - of the venerable and profoundly wise (aprameya) sage (of the immeasurable, profound, incomprehensible)

• मुनेः (muneḥ) - of the sage Viśvāmitra (of the sage)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पुरुषशार्दूलः (puruṣaśārdūlaḥ) - Rama, the best of men (tiger among men, best of men)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, in return, in response

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• शुभाम् (śubhām) - auspicious, good, beautiful

• गिरम् (giram) - speech, word

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sage (Viśvāmitra).

अप्रमेयस्य (aprameyasya) - of the venerable and profoundly wise (aprameya) sage (of the immeasurable, profound, incomprehensible)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, incomprehensible, boundless, profound, unknowable

Negation (a-) of prameya (knowable, measurable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prameya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prameya – measurable, knowable, comprehensible
  adjective
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root mā (to measure) with prefix pra, suffix ṇyat
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'muneḥ'.

मुनेः (muneḥ) - of the sage Viśvāmitra (of the sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement, saying

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme, chief

Superlative form of ud (up, out)

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from verb root śru with suffix ktvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Connects the act of hearing to the subsequent action of speaking.

पुरुषशार्दूलः (puruṣaśārdūlaḥ) - Rama, the best of men (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣaśārdūla

puruṣaśārdūla - a tiger among men, an excellent man, best of men

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+śārdūla)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'prati uvāca'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, in return, in response

(indeclinable)

Prefix or preposition

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice

Perfect form (Lit) of root vac, 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Combined with 'prati' to mean 'replied'.

शुभाम् (śubhām) - auspicious, good, beautiful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubhā - auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious, splendid

Note: Qualifies 'giram'.

गिरम् (giram) - speech, word

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, hymn

Note: Object of 'prati uvāca'.