महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-61, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तत्राकरोद्दुष्करं राजपुत्रो दुःशासनस्तुमुले युध्यमानः ।
चिच्छेद भीमस्य धनुः क्षुरेण षड्भिः शरैः सारथिमप्यविध्यत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tatrākarodduṣkaraṁ rājaputro; duḥśāsanastumule yudhyamānaḥ ,
ciccheda bhīmasya dhanuḥ kṣureṇa; ṣaḍbhiḥ śaraiḥ sārathimapyavidhyat.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tatra akarot duṣkaram
rājaputraḥ duḥśāsanaḥ tumule yudhyamānaḥ
ciccheda bhīmasya dhanuḥ kṣureṇa
ṣaḍbhiḥ śaraiḥ sārathim api avidhyat

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tatra tumule yudhyamānaḥ
rājaputraḥ duḥśāsanaḥ duṣkaram
akarot kṣureṇa bhīmasya dhanuḥ ciccheda
ṣaḍbhiḥ śaraiḥ api sārathim avidhyat

1. Sañjaya said: In that fierce battle, Prince Duḥśāsana, fighting valiantly, accomplished a formidable task. He cut Bhima's bow with a razor-sharp arrow and also pierced his charioteer with six arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he performed

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (deed), formidable (task)

• राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - prince, son of a king

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

• तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumultuous battle (in the tumultuous battle, in the fierce battle)

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, battling

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - with a razor-sharp arrow (with a razor, with a razor-sharp arrow)

• षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - by six, with six

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he wounded

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victorious, conqueror; a proper name (Sanjaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root vac (2nd class).

Root: vac (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root kṛ (8th class).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (deed), formidable (task)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard, formidable

gerundive/kṛtya

Derived from root kṛ 'to do' with prefix dus- and suffix -kara.

Prefix: dus

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - prince, son of a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - difficult to rule, hard to control; a proper name (Duḥśāsana)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• śāsana – ruling, governing, teaching
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śās (class 2)

तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumultuous battle (in the tumultuous battle, in the fierce battle)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, violent, fierce

Note: Contextually refers to 'battle' (yuddhe) or 'conflict'

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, battling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudh - to fight, contend

present middle participle

Derived from root yudh (4th class), middle voice.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Describes duḥśāsanaḥ

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of chid

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root chid (7th class).

Root: chid (class 7)

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; a proper name (Bhima)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - with a razor-sharp arrow (with a razor, with a razor-sharp arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣura

kṣura - razor, knife; a specific type of arrow with a sharp cutting edge

Note: Often refers to a crescent-shaped or razor-sharp arrow-head in Mahabharata.

षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - by six, with six

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with implied śaraiḥ (arrows)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root vyadh (4th class).

Root: vyadh (class 4)