महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-66, verse-21

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा कलिङ्गैर्बहुभिर्वृतः ।
पुरस्कृत्य रणे भीष्मं पाण्डवानभ्यवर्तत ॥२१॥

21. tato duryodhano rājā kaliṅgairbahubhirvṛtaḥ ,
puraskṛtya raṇe bhīṣmaṁ pāṇḍavānabhyavartata.

21. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā kalingaiḥ bahubhiḥ vṛtaḥ
puraskṛtya raṇe bhīṣmam pāṇḍavān abhyavartata

21. tataḥ rājā duryodhanaḥ bahubhiḥ kalingaiḥ vṛtaḥ
raṇe bhīṣmam puraskṛtya pāṇḍavān abhyavartata

21. Then King Duryodhana, surrounded by many warriors from Kalinga, placed Bhīṣma at the forefront and advanced against the Pāṇḍavas in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• कलिन्गैः (kalingaiḥ) - by the Kalingas (people from Kalinga)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having made foremost

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (accusative)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (accusative)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he advanced towards, he turned towards, he attacked

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas to ta

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

compound of dur (difficult) + yodhana (to fight/conquer)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard, ill-
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कलिन्गैः (kalingaiḥ) - by the Kalingas (people from Kalinga)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kalinga

kalinga - Kalinga (ancient Indian kingdom/people)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Declines in all genders, here agreeing with Kalingaiḥ.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛ (to cover, to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having made foremost

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix puras

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

from root raṇ (to delight, sound)

Root: raṇ (class 1)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name of a key character in the Mahābhārata)

from root bhī (to fear), meaning 'terrible, formidable'

Root: bhī (class 3)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍava)

derivative of Paṇḍu

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he advanced towards, he turned towards, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)