महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-66, verse-12

स संप्रहारस्तुमुलः कटुकः शोणितोदकः ।
प्रावर्तत कुरूणां च पाण्डवानां च भारत ॥१२॥

12. sa saṁprahārastumulaḥ kaṭukaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ ,
prāvartata kurūṇāṁ ca pāṇḍavānāṁ ca bhārata.

12. sa saṃprahāraḥ tumulaḥ kaṭukaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ
prāvartata kurūṇām ca pāṇḍavānām ca bhārata

12. bhārata saḥ tumulaḥ kaṭukaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ
saṃprahāraḥ kurūṇām ca pāṇḍavānām ca prāvartata

12. O Bhārata, that fierce and terrible combat, where blood was the water, then began between the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that, he

• संप्रहारः (saṁprahāraḥ) - battle, combat, violent struggle

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, fierce, terrible

• कटुकः (kaṭukaḥ) - bitter, harsh, fierce, terrible

• शोणितोदकः (śoṇitodakaḥ) - whose water is blood, having blood as water

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began, commenced, proceeded

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• च (ca) - and

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the combat (saṃprahāraḥ).

संप्रहारः (saṁprahāraḥ) - battle, combat, violent struggle

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃprahāra

saṁprahāra - clash, combat, battle

From sam-pra-√hṛ (to strike).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, turbulent, terrible, confused

Note: Qualifies saṃprahāraḥ.

कटुकः (kaṭukaḥ) - bitter, harsh, fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - bitter, pungent, harsh, fierce

Note: Qualifies saṃprahāraḥ.

शोणितोदकः (śoṇitodakaḥ) - whose water is blood, having blood as water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoṇitodaka

śoṇitodaka - having blood as water, whose water is blood

Compound: śoṇita (blood) + udaka (water).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śoṇita+udaka)

• śoṇita – blood
  noun (neuter)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies saṃprahāraḥ.

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began, commenced, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

From pra-√vṛt.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - (a descendant of) Kuru; name of an ancient king and his dynasty

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Kurus and Pandavas.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu; a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Kurus and Pandavas.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an Indian; a warrior

Patronymic from Bharata.