महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-5, verse-4

पार्थिवाः पृथिवीहेतोः समभित्यक्तजीविताः ।
न च शाम्यन्ति निघ्नन्तो वर्धयन्तो यमक्षयम् ॥४॥

4. pārthivāḥ pṛthivīhetoḥ samabhityaktajīvitāḥ ,
na ca śāmyanti nighnanto vardhayanto yamakṣayam.

4. pārthivāḥ pṛthivīhetoḥ samabhityaktajīvitāḥ na
ca śāmyanti nighnantaḥ vardhayantaḥ yamakṣayam

4. pārthivāḥ pṛthivīhetoḥ samabhityaktajīvitāḥ ca
na śāmyanti nighnantaḥ yamakṣayam vardhayantaḥ

4. These kings, for the sake of the earth (kingdom), have completely abandoned their lives. And yet, they do not cease killing, thus increasing the realm of Yama.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers, earthly ones

• पृथिवीहेतोः (pṛthivīhetoḥ) - for the sake of the earth, for the sake of the kingdom/land

• समभित्यक्तजीविताः (samabhityaktajīvitāḥ) - having completely abandoned their lives, ready to sacrifice their lives

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• शाम्यन्ति (śāmyanti) - they cease, they become calm, they are pacified

• निघ्नन्तः (nighnantaḥ) - while killing (others) (striking, killing (while))

• वर्धयन्तः (vardhayantaḥ) - while increasing (the realm of Yama) (increasing, augmenting (while))

• यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - the destruction of Yama, the abode of Yama, the realm of death

Words meanings and morphology

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers, earthly ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - belonging to the earth, earthly, a king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पृथिवीहेतोः (pṛthivīhetoḥ) - for the sake of the earth, for the sake of the kingdom/land

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīhetu

pṛthivīhetu - reason or cause related to the earth/kingdom

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivī+hetu)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to express cause, 'for the sake of'.

समभित्यक्तजीविताः (samabhityaktajīvitāḥ) - having completely abandoned their lives, ready to sacrifice their lives

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samabhityaktajīvita

samabhityaktajīvita - one whose life has been completely abandoned, having sacrificed one's life

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samabhityakta+jīvita)

• samabhityakta – completely abandoned, forsaken, given up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  upasargas sam- + abhi- + ati- + root tyaj 'to abandon' + kta suffix
  Prefixes: sam+abhi+ati
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, living, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (nominalized)
  root jīv 'to live' + kta suffix
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'pārthivāḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शाम्यन्ति (śāmyanti) - they cease, they become calm, they are pacified

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śam

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root śam, class 4.

Root: śam (class 4)

निघ्नन्तः (nighnantaḥ) - while killing (others) (striking, killing (while))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of han

han - to strike, kill, injure

Present Active Participle

upasarga ni- + root han (ghna in present stem) + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Present active participle, modifying 'pārthivāḥ' (the implied subject of 'śāmyanti').

वर्धयन्तः (vardhayantaḥ) - while increasing (the realm of Yama) (increasing, augmenting (while))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛdh

vṛdh - to grow, increase, cause to prosper

Present Active Participle (causative)

Causative stem vardhaya- (from root vṛdh, class 1) + śatṛ suffix

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, modifying 'pārthivāḥ'.

यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - the destruction of Yama, the abode of Yama, the realm of death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yamakṣaya

yamakṣaya - Yama's abode, the destruction associated with Yama, realm of death

Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+kṣaya)

• yama – Yama, the god of death and justice, restraint
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, end, loss, abode, decline
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of 'vardhayantaḥ'.