महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-5, verse-19

य एतां वेद गायत्रीं पुण्यां सर्वगुणान्विताम् ।
तत्त्वेन भरतश्रेष्ठ स लोकान्न प्रणश्यति ॥१९॥

19. ya etāṁ veda gāyatrīṁ puṇyāṁ sarvaguṇānvitām ,
tattvena bharataśreṣṭha sa lokānna praṇaśyati.

19. yaḥ etām veda gāyatrīm puṇyām sarvaguṇānvitām |
tattvena bharataśreṣṭha saḥ lokān na praṇaśyati

19. bharataśreṣṭha yaḥ etām puṇyām sarvaguṇānvitām
gāyatrīm tattvena veda saḥ lokān na praṇaśyati

19. O best among the Bhāratas (bharataśreṣṭha), he who truly understands this sacred Gāyatrī, which is endowed with all excellent qualities, does not perish from the worlds [of rebirth].

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• एताम् (etām) - this

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• गायत्रीम् (gāyatrīm) - Gāyatrī (the sacred mantra/meter)

• पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred, holy, virtuous

• सर्वगुणान्विताम् (sarvaguṇānvitām) - endowed with all qualities, possessing all virtues

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly, essentially, by means of the true nature (tattva)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Arjuna (O best among Bhāratas (referring to Arjuna))

• सः (saḥ) - he

• लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds, realms of existence

• न (na) - not

• प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, is lost

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

Note: Relative pronoun.

एताम् (etām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Agrees with gāyatrīm.

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root 'vid' in perfect (lit). Also treated as present indicative for 'knows' (Class 2, Parasmaipada, Present, 3rd Person Singular).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Also perfect tense form meaning 'has known', but here implies present knowledge.

गायत्रीम् (gāyatrīm) - Gāyatrī (the sacred mantra/meter)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gāyatrī

gāyatrī - Gāyatrī (name of a Vedic meter, a sacred mantra, a goddess)

Note: Object of 'veda'.

पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred, holy, virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, sacred, holy

Note: Agrees with gāyatrīm.

सर्वगुणान्विताम् (sarvaguṇānvitām) - endowed with all qualities, possessing all virtues

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvaguṇānvita

sarvaguṇānvita - endowed with all qualities

Past Passive Participle

From 'anvita' (joined, endowed) with 'sarvaguṇa'. 'anvita' from root 'i' with prefix 'anu', then past passive participle 'anvita'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+guṇa+anvita)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• anvita – accompanied by, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'anu'
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with gāyatrīm.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly, essentially, by means of the true nature (tattva)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essential nature, principle

Note: Used adverbially here.

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Arjuna (O best among Bhāratas (referring to Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: An address to Arjuna.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds, realms of existence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here, indicating 'from/in/to the worlds' in the sense of escaping their cycle.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, is lost

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṇaś

Root 'ṇaś' with upasarga 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: ṇaś (class 4)