महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-21, verse-15

पुरा ह्येष हरिर्भूत्वा वैकुण्ठोऽकुण्ठसायकः ।
सुरासुरानवस्फूर्जन्नब्रवीत्के जयन्त्विति ॥१५॥

15. purā hyeṣa harirbhūtvā vaikuṇṭho'kuṇṭhasāyakaḥ ,
surāsurānavasphūrjannabravītke jayantviti.

15. purā hi eṣaḥ hariḥ bhūtvā vaikuṇṭhaḥ akuṇṭhasāyakaḥ
surāsurān avasphūrjan abravīt ke jayantu iti

15. purā hi eṣaḥ hariḥ bhūtvā vaikuṇṭhaḥ akuṇṭhasāyakaḥ
surāsurān avasphūrjan "ke jayantu" iti abravīt

15. Indeed, in ancient times, this very Hari (Vishnu), who is Vaikuṇṭha and possesses unfailing arrows, thundered forth to the gods and demons and asked, "Who shall conquer?"

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past, earlier

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, certainly

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one, he

• हरिः (hariḥ) - Hari (a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

• वैकुण्ठः (vaikuṇṭhaḥ) - Vaikuṇṭha (name of Vishnu or his abode)

• अकुण्ठसायकः (akuṇṭhasāyakaḥ) - having unfailing arrows, with undulled arrows

• सुरासुरान् (surāsurān) - gods and demons

• अवस्फूर्जन् (avasphūrjan) - thundering, roaring, shaking violently

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• के (ke) - who (plural nominative)

• जयन्तु (jayantu) - let them conquer, may they conquer

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a direct quote

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past, earlier

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to Hari.

हरिः (hariḥ) - Hari (a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hari

hari - Hari, a name of Vishnu/Krishna (lit. 'remover', 'taker away', 'tawny')

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root bhū with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates a completed action before the main verb.

वैकुण्ठः (vaikuṇṭhaḥ) - Vaikuṇṭha (name of Vishnu or his abode)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikuṇṭha

vaikuṇṭha - Vaikuṇṭha (a name of Vishnu, or his celestial abode)

Note: Appositive to Hari.

अकुण्ठसायकः (akuṇṭhasāyakaḥ) - having unfailing arrows, with undulled arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akuṇṭhasāyaka

akuṇṭhasāyaka - having unfailing/undulled arrows

a (neg.) + kuṇṭha (dull, blunted) + sāyaka (arrow)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (akuṇṭha+sāyaka)

• akuṇṭha – not dull, unblunted, unfailing, sharp
  adjective
  a (neg.) + kuṇṭha
  Prefix: a
  Root: kuṇṭh (class 1)
• sāyaka – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  from root ṣi (to throw) + ṇaka (suffix)
  Root: ṣi (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Hari.

सुरासुरान् (surāsurān) - gods and demons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of surāsura

surāsura - gods and demons

Compound type : Dvandva (sura+asura)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, anti-god
  noun (masculine)
  a (neg.) + sura
  Prefix: a
  Root: as

Note: Object of abravīt (addressing them).

अवस्फूर्जन् (avasphūrjan) - thundering, roaring, shaking violently

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasphūrjat

avasphūrjat - thundering, roaring, shaking (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

from root sphūrj with upasarga ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: sphūrj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Hari, indicating his action while speaking.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Past Imperfect

a-augment + brū (root) + vīt (ending)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

के (ke) - who (plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

interrogative pronoun

Note: Subject of the following optative verb.

जयन्तु (jayantu) - let them conquer, may they conquer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of ji

Imperative

from root ji + antu (3rd plural imperative ending)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a direct quote

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the direct speech.