महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-21, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
बृहतीं धार्तराष्ट्राणां दृष्ट्वा सेनां समुद्यताम् ।
विषादमगमद्राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
bṛhatīṁ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ dṛṣṭvā senāṁ samudyatām ,
viṣādamagamadrājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca bṛhatīm dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām dṛṣṭvā senām
samudyatām viṣādam agamat rājā kuntīputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca kuntīputraḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām
bṛhatīm samudyatām senām dṛṣṭvā viṣādam agamat

1. Sanjaya said: Having seen the vast army of the sons of Dhritarashtra, ready for battle, King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, became dejected (viṣāda).

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• बृहतीम् (bṛhatīm) - vast, great, large

• धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām) - of the sons of Dhritarashtra

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• समुद्यताम् (samudyatām) - ready for battle (prepared, ready, uplifted)

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection, despair, sadness

• अगमत् (agamat) - he went, he attained, he reached

• राजा (rājā) - king

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - son of Kunti

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer), victory

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Parasmaipada

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

बृहतीम् (bṛhatīm) - vast, great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bṛhat

bṛhat - vast, large, great

Root: bṛh (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām) - of the sons of Dhritarashtra

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

patronymic formation

Note: Relates to 'senām'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a participle, modifying the subject of the main verb ('yudhiṣṭhiraḥ').

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, military

Root: sin

समुद्यताम् (samudyatām) - ready for battle (prepared, ready, uplifted)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samudyata

samudyata - prepared, ready, uplifted, exerted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yat' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yat (class 1)

विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection, despair, sadness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despair, sadness

From root 'sad' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The condition of Yudhishthira.

अगमत् (agamat) - he went, he attained, he reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect Active Parasmaipada

3rd person singular

Root: gam (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - son of Kunti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kunti (name of Pandu's wife)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū

Note: Appositive to 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava), firm in battle

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  locative form
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)