महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-78, verse-11

स भवान्कुरुमध्ये तं सान्त्वपूर्वं भयान्वितम् ।
ब्रूयाद्वाक्यं यथा मन्दो न व्यथेत सुयोधनः ॥११॥

11. sa bhavānkurumadhye taṁ sāntvapūrvaṁ bhayānvitam ,
brūyādvākyaṁ yathā mando na vyatheta suyodhanaḥ.

11. sa bhavān kurunmadhye tam sāntvapūrvaṃ bhayānvitam
brūyāt vākyam yathā mandaḥ na vyatheta suyodhanaḥ

11. Therefore, you (revered sir) should speak words to him (Duryodhana), who is filled with fear, among the Kurus, with a soothing preface, so that the foolish Suyodhana may not be distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - referring to 'you' (bhavān) in a respectful manner (he, that)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya) (you (revered sir))

• कुरुन्मध्ये (kurunmadhye) - in the midst of the Kurus

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Duryodhana) (him, that (masculine singular))

• सान्त्वपूर्वं (sāntvapūrvaṁ) - preceded by conciliation, with a soothing preface

• भयान्वितम् (bhayānvitam) - accompanied by fear, filled with fear, fearful

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, may speak

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, statement, speech

• यथा (yathā) - so that, in order that, as

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish, dull, slow-witted

• न (na) - not, no

• व्यथेत (vyatheta) - would be distressed, would tremble, would be disturbed

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (a name for Duryodhana)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - referring to 'you' (bhavān) in a respectful manner (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भवान् (bhavān) - you (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya) (you (revered sir))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), revered sir

कुरुन्मध्ये (kurunmadhye) - in the midst of the Kurus

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kurumadhya

kurumadhya - the middle of the Kurus, among the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+madhya)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun (neuter)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Duryodhana) (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सान्त्वपूर्वं (sāntvapūrvaṁ) - preceded by conciliation, with a soothing preface

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāntvapūrva

sāntvapūrva - preceded by gentle words, having conciliation as a prelude

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sāntva+pūrva)

• sāntva – conciliatory speech, soothing words
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – preceding, prior, former
  adjective (masculine)

भयान्वितम् (bhayānvitam) - accompanied by fear, filled with fear, fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhayānvita

bhayānvita - accompanied by fear, terrified, frightened

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+anvita)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root i (to go) with prefix anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, may speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative Mood

Root: brū (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, statement, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

यथा (yathā) - so that, in order that, as

(indeclinable)

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish, dull, slow-witted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - slow, dull, foolish, weak

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

व्यथेत (vyatheta) - would be distressed, would tremble, would be disturbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vyath

Optative Mood

Root: vyath (class 1)

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (a name for Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (name of Duryodhana, meaning 'one who fights well')