महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-78, verse-1

नकुल उवाच ।
उक्तं बहुविधं वाक्यं धर्मराजेन माधव ।
धर्मज्ञेन वदान्येन धर्मयुक्तं च तत्त्वतः ॥१॥

1. nakula uvāca ,
uktaṁ bahuvidhaṁ vākyaṁ dharmarājena mādhava ,
dharmajñena vadānyena dharmayuktaṁ ca tattvataḥ.

1. nakulaḥ uvāca | uktam bahuvidham vākyam dharmarājena
mādhava | dharmajñena vadānyena dharmayuktam ca tattvataḥ

1. Nakula said: 'O Mādhava, many kinds of words were spoken by the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja) – words by the knower of natural law (dharma-jña), by the generous one, and truly, those words were endowed with natural law (dharma-yukta).'

Words meanings summery:

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (mongoose, Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken (spoken, said, told)

• बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - many kinds of (of many kinds, various)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, statements (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja), Yudhiṣṭhira (by the king of dharma, by the king of righteousness)

• माधव (mādhava) - O Mādhava (Krishna) (descendant of Madhu, Krishna, Viṣṇu)

• धर्मज्ञेन (dharmajñena) - by the knower of natural law (dharma-jña) (by the knower of dharma, by the righteous one)

• वदान्येन (vadānyena) - by the generous one (by the generous one, by the eloquent one)

• धर्मयुक्तम् (dharmayuktam) - endowed with natural law (dharma-yukta) (endowed with dharma, righteous, lawful)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence (truly, in truth, in essence, in accordance with reality)

Words meanings and morphology

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (mongoose, Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - mongoose, Nakula

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

'uvāca' is the 3rd person singular perfect active form of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken (spoken, said, told)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

formed from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ta'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - many kinds of (of many kinds, various)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, various, manifold

'bahu' (many) + 'vidha' (kind)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, statements (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

derived from 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja), Yudhiṣṭhira (by the king of dharma, by the king of righteousness)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of natural law, Yama, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent in the passive construction. Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

माधव (mādhava) - O Mādhava (Krishna) (descendant of Madhu, Krishna, Viṣṇu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, Krishna, Viṣṇu

Note: Addressed to Krishna.

धर्मज्ञेन (dharmajñena) - by the knower of natural law (dharma-jña) (by the knower of dharma, by the righteous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, knowing righteousness

'dharma' (dharma) + 'jña' (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  from root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmarājena' (Yudhiṣṭhira).

वदान्येन (vadānyena) - by the generous one (by the generous one, by the eloquent one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadānya

vadānya - generous, liberal, eloquent

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmarājena'.

धर्मयुक्तम् (dharmayuktam) - endowed with natural law (dharma-yukta) (endowed with dharma, righteous, lawful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmayukta

dharmayukta - endowed with dharma, righteous, lawful

'dharma' (dharma) + 'yukta' (joined, endowed with)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+yukta)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• yukta – joined, endowed with, proper, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'yuj' (to join, to connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects attributes of the speech or speaker.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence (truly, in truth, in essence, in accordance with reality)

(indeclinable)

formed from 'tattva' (truth, reality) with suffix '-tas' (meaning 'from', 'in accordance with')