महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-6, verse-18

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथानुशिष्टः प्रययौ द्रुपदेन महात्मना ।
पुरोधा वृत्तसंपन्नो नगरं नागसाह्वयम् ॥१८॥

18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathānuśiṣṭaḥ prayayau drupadena mahātmanā ,
purodhā vṛttasaṁpanno nagaraṁ nāgasāhvayam.

18. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tathā anuśiṣṭaḥ prayayau drupadena
mahātmanā purodhāḥ vṛttasampannaḥ nagaram nāgasāhvayam

18. Vaiśampāyana said: Thus instructed by the great-souled Drupada, the priest, who was endowed with good conduct, proceeded to the city named Hāstinapura.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, accordingly, in that manner

• अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, taught, advised

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, he departed

• द्रुपदेन (drupadena) - By King Drupada of Pañchāla. (by Drupada)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - Describing Drupada. (by the great-souled, by the noble one)

• पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - The priest of Drupada. (the chief priest)

• वृत्तसम्पन्नः (vṛttasampannaḥ) - Describing the priest. (endowed with good conduct, possessed of character)

• नगरम् (nagaram) - to the city

• नागसाह्वयम् (nāgasāhvayam) - Specifically referring to Hāstinapura, the capital city of the Kauravas. (called Hāstinapura (city of elephants/Nāgas))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahabharata.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, accordingly, in that manner

(indeclinable)

अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, taught, advised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuśiṣṭa

anuśiṣṭa - instructed, taught, advised, commanded

Past Passive Participle

From verb root śās (to instruct, govern) with upasarga anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of yā with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

द्रुपदेन (drupadena) - By King Drupada of Pañchāla. (by Drupada)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Name of the king of Pañchāla, father of Draupadi.

Note: Agent of the passive participle anuśiṣṭaḥ.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - Describing Drupada. (by the great-souled, by the noble one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Adjective for drupadena.

पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - The priest of Drupada. (the chief priest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purodhas

purodhas - a chief priest, family priest, one placed in front

From puras (before) + dhā (to place).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (puras+dhā)

• puras – before, in front of, formerly
  indeclinable
• dhā – to place, to put, to hold
  verb
  Root forming part of the compound.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of prayayau.

वृत्तसम्पन्नः (vṛttasampannaḥ) - Describing the priest. (endowed with good conduct, possessed of character)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛttasampanna

vṛttasampanna - endowed with good conduct, accomplished in character, possessed of virtue

Compound adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vṛtta+sampanna)

• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, character, occurrence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of vṛt (to be, exist) used as a noun.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• sampanna – endowed with, furnished with, rich in, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root pad (to go, obtain) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Adjective for purodhāḥ.

नगरम् (nagaram) - to the city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of motion.

नागसाह्वयम् (nāgasāhvayam) - Specifically referring to Hāstinapura, the capital city of the Kauravas. (called Hāstinapura (city of elephants/Nāgas))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāgasāhvaya

nāgasāhvaya - named after the elephant, having the name of Nāga, specifically Hāstinapura

Compound of Nāga (elephant/serpent deity) and sāhvaya (named).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nāga+sāhvaya)

• nāga – serpent, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• sāhvaya – named, called, having the same name
  adjective (neuter)
  From sa (with) + āhvaya (name, call).

Note: Adjective for nagaram.