महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-55, verse-12

श्वेतास्तस्मिन्वातवेगाः सदश्वा दिव्या युक्ताश्चित्ररथेन दत्ताः ।
शतं यत्तत्पूर्यते नित्यकालं हतं हतं दत्तवरं पुरस्तात् ॥१२॥

12. śvetāstasminvātavegāḥ sadaśvā; divyā yuktāścitrarathena dattāḥ ,
śataṁ yattatpūryate nityakālaṁ; hataṁ hataṁ dattavaraṁ purastāt.

12. śvetāḥ tasmin vāta-vegāḥ sat-aśvāḥ
divyāḥ yuktāḥ citrarathena dattāḥ
śatam yat tat pūryate nityakālam
hatam hatam datta-varam purastāt

12. Divine, white, excellent horses, swift as the wind, were given by Citraratha and yoked there. A hundred of these horses are constantly replenished, having been repeatedly granted as a boon in the past.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - white, pure, clean

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - there (referring to the place or context of the chariot/gift) (in that, at that time, there)

• वात-वेगाः (vāta-vegāḥ) - swift as the wind, wind-speed

• सत्-अश्वाः (sat-aśvāḥ) - excellent horses, good horses

• दिव्याः (divyāḥ) - divine, heavenly, celestial

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - yoked, joined, connected, endowed with

• चित्ररथेन (citrarathena) - by Citraratha (a Gandharva king) (by Citraratha)

• दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - given, granted

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred, one hundred

• यत् (yat) - which (referring to the hundred horses) (which, what, that)

• तत् (tat) - those (referring to the hundred horses) (that, it)

• पूर्यते (pūryate) - are replenished (implying they reappear or are replaced) (is filled, is replenished, is completed)

• नित्यकालम् (nityakālam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• हतम् (hatam) - though lost/perished (to imply the need for replenishment) (slain, destroyed, struck, killed)

• हतम् (hatam) - though lost/perished (emphasizing the previous 'hatam') (slain, destroyed, struck, killed)

• दत्त-वरम् (datta-varam) - granted as a boon (given as a boon, granted a favour)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in the past, formerly (formerly, previously, in front, from the east)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - white, pure, clean

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śveta

śveta - white, pure, clean, bright

Note: Qualifies 'horses' (aśvāḥ)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - there (referring to the place or context of the chariot/gift) (in that, at that time, there)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the context of the chariot.

वात-वेगाः (vāta-vegāḥ) - swift as the wind, wind-speed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāta-vega

vāta-vega - wind-speed, swift as the wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+vega)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'horses' (aśvāḥ)

सत्-अश्वाः (sat-aśvāḥ) - excellent horses, good horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat-aśva

sat-aśva - excellent horse, good horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, excellent, being, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

दिव्याः (divyāḥ) - divine, heavenly, celestial

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial, supernatural

Note: Qualifies 'horses' (aśvāḥ)

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - yoked, joined, connected, endowed with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, connected, fit, proper, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj'

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'horses' (aśvāḥ)

चित्ररथेन (citrarathena) - by Citraratha (a Gandharva king) (by Citraratha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of citraratha

citraratha - Citraratha (name of a Gandharva king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+ratha)

• citra – variegated, diverse, wonderful, bright
  adjective (neuter)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'dattāḥ' (given)

दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - given, granted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā'

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'horses' (understood)

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred, one hundred

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śata

śata - a hundred

Note: Refers to the number of horses.

यत् (yat) - which (referring to the hundred horses) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun for 'śatam'.

तत् (tat) - those (referring to the hundred horses) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yat'.

पूर्यते (pūryate) - are replenished (implying they reappear or are replaced) (is filled, is replenished, is completed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of pūr

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Its subject is 'śatam' (a hundred).

नित्यकालम् (nityakālam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+kāla)

• nitya – eternal, constant, regular
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverb modifying 'pūryate'.

हतम् (hatam) - though lost/perished (to imply the need for replenishment) (slain, destroyed, struck, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - slain, destroyed, struck, killed, gone, damaged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially or as a predicate, often repeated for emphasis (many, or even if killed).

हतम् (hatam) - though lost/perished (emphasizing the previous 'hatam') (slain, destroyed, struck, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - slain, destroyed, struck, killed, gone, damaged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Repetition ('hatam hatam') for emphasis, meaning "each and every" or "even if repeatedly".

दत्त-वरम् (datta-varam) - granted as a boon (given as a boon, granted a favour)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta-vara

datta-vara - given as a boon, granted a favour

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (datta+vara)

• datta – given, granted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dā'
  Root: dā (class 3)
• vara – boon, blessing, choice, best
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śatam' (a hundred).

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in the past, formerly (formerly, previously, in front, from the east)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the granting of the boon.