महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-55, verse-10

यथाकाशे शक्रधनुः प्रकाशते न चैकवर्णं न च विद्म किं नु तत् ।
तथा ध्वजो विहितो भौवनेन बह्वाकारं दृश्यते रूपमस्य ॥१०॥

10. yathākāśe śakradhanuḥ prakāśate; na caikavarṇaṁ na ca vidma kiṁ nu tat ,
tathā dhvajo vihito bhauvanena; bahvākāraṁ dṛśyate rūpamasya.

10. yathā ākāśe śakradhanuḥ prakāśate
na ca ekavarṇam na ca vidma kim
nu tat tathā dhvajaḥ vihitaḥ
bhauvanena bahvākāram dṛśyate rūpam asya

10. Just as a rainbow (śakradhanuḥ) appears in the sky, and it is not of a single color, nor do we truly know what it is; similarly, the banner created by Bhuvana appears in many forms, and its appearance (rūpa) is seen in diverse ways.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

• शक्रधनुः (śakradhanuḥ) - Indra's bow, rainbow

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, is visible

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• एकवर्णम् (ekavarṇam) - of one color, monochromatic

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• विद्म (vidma) - we know

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, truly (particle)

• तत् (tat) - that

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• ध्वजः (dhvajaḥ) - the banner, the flag

• विहितः (vihitaḥ) - created, arranged, designed

• भौवनेन (bhauvanena) - by Bhuvana, by the divine architect

• बह्वाकारम् (bahvākāram) - of many forms, having various shapes

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears, is observed

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, shape (rūpa)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (banner) (of this)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether, atmosphere

शक्रधनुः (śakradhanuḥ) - Indra's bow, rainbow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakradhanus

śakradhanus - Indra's bow, rainbow

Compound type : tatpurusha (śakra+dhanus)

• śakra – Indra (name of a deity), powerful, mighty
  proper noun (masculine)
• dhanus – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, is visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prakāś

Root kāś with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एकवर्णम् (ekavarṇam) - of one color, monochromatic

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ekavarṇa

ekavarṇa - of one color, monochromatic, uniform in color

Compound type : bahuvrihi (eka+varṇa)

• eka – one, single, sole
  numeral (neuter)
• varṇa – color, tint, appearance, caste, letter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विद्म (vidma) - we know

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

नु (nu) - indeed, truly (particle)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

ध्वजः (dhvajaḥ) - the banner, the flag

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

विहितः (vihitaḥ) - created, arranged, designed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - made, done, arranged, designed, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place, put) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

भौवनेन (bhauvanena) - by Bhuvana, by the divine architect

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhauvana

bhauvana - relating to the world/beings; by Bhuvana (proper name of an architect/divine entity)

Derived from Bhuvana.

बह्वाकारम् (bahvākāram) - of many forms, having various shapes

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahvākāra

bahvākāra - having many forms, multifarious, diverse in shape

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+ākāra)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• ākāra – form, shape, figure, appearance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here. Can also be accusative singular neuter.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears, is observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, shape (rūpa)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, image

अस्य (asya) - of this (banner) (of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Can also be genitive singular neuter.