महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-52, verse-12

तपन्तमिव को मन्दः पतिष्यति पतंगवत् ।
पाण्डवाग्निमनावार्यं मुमूर्षुर्मूढचेतनः ॥१२॥

12. tapantamiva ko mandaḥ patiṣyati pataṁgavat ,
pāṇḍavāgnimanāvāryaṁ mumūrṣurmūḍhacetanaḥ.

12. tapantam iva kaḥ mandaḥ patiṣyati pataṅgavat
pāṇḍavāgnim anāvāryam mumūrṣuḥ mūḍhacetanaḥ

12. Who, then, so foolish and bewildered in mind (mūḍhacetana), would desire to die (mumūrṣuḥ) by falling like an insect into that irresistible Pāṇḍava-fire (pāṇḍavāgni)?

Words meanings summery:

• तपन्तम् (tapantam) - burning, scorching, heating

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish, slow-witted, dull, sluggish

• पतिष्यति (patiṣyati) - will fall

• पतङ्गवत् (pataṅgavat) - like an insect, like a moth

• पाण्डवाग्निम् (pāṇḍavāgnim) - refers to the Pāṇḍava warrior, metaphorically as fire (into the Pāṇḍava-fire)

• अनावार्यम् (anāvāryam) - irresistible, unconquerable, impossible to ward off

• मुमूर्षुः (mumūrṣuḥ) - desiring to die, about to die

• मूढचेतनः (mūḍhacetanaḥ) - whose mind is bewildered, foolish-minded

Words meanings and morphology

तपन्तम् (tapantam) - burning, scorching, heating

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapat

tapat - burning, scorching, shining, afflicting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `tap` (to heat, burn, shine).

Root: tap (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what? who? which?

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish, slow-witted, dull, sluggish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - slow, dull, foolish, weak, gentle

पतिष्यति (patiṣyati) - will fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pat

Future Tense

3rd person singular future active of root `pat`.

Root: pat (class 1)

पतङ्गवत् (pataṅgavat) - like an insect, like a moth

(indeclinable)

Derived from `pataṅga` (insect, moth, bird) with `vat` (like) suffix.

पाण्डवाग्निम् (pāṇḍavāgnim) - refers to the Pāṇḍava warrior, metaphorically as fire (into the Pāṇḍava-fire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavāgni

pāṇḍavāgni - the Pāṇḍava who is like fire

Compound of `pāṇḍava` (son of Pāṇḍu) and `agni` (fire).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya-samāsa (pāṇḍava+agni)

• pāṇḍava – son of Pāṇḍu
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from `Pāṇḍu`.
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)

अनावार्यम् (anāvāryam) - irresistible, unconquerable, impossible to ward off

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anāvārya

anāvārya - irresistible, unconquerable, not to be obstructed

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (negative)

Negative compound (Nañ-tatpuruṣa) of `an-` and `āvārya` (to be warded off, to be resisted), which is a gerundive of `ā-vṛ`.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āvārya)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• āvārya – to be warded off, to be obstructed, to be checked
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vṛ` (to cover, restrain) with prefix `ā`.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

मुमूर्षुः (mumūrṣuḥ) - desiring to die, about to die

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mumūrṣu

mumūrṣu - desiring to die, about to die

Desiderative Participle

Desiderative form of root `mṛ` (to die), used as an agent noun/adjective.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

मूढचेतनः (mūḍhacetanaḥ) - whose mind is bewildered, foolish-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍhacetana

mūḍhacetana - whose mind is bewildered, foolish-minded, deluded in consciousness

Compound of `mūḍha` (bewildered, foolish) and `cetana` (mind, consciousness).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi-samāsa (mūḍha+cetana)

• mūḍha – bewildered, foolish, deluded, confused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `muh` (to be bewildered).
  Root: muh (class 4)
• cetana – mind, consciousness, intelligence, sensible
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `cit` (to perceive, observe).
  Root: cit (class 1)