महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-173, verse-8

सा भीष्मे प्रतिकर्तव्यमहं पश्यामि सांप्रतम् ।
तपसा वा युधा वापि दुःखहेतुः स मे मतः ।
को नु भीष्मं युधा जेतुमुत्सहेत महीपतिः ॥८॥

8. sā bhīṣme pratikartavyamahaṁ paśyāmi sāṁpratam ,
tapasā vā yudhā vāpi duḥkhahetuḥ sa me mataḥ ,
ko nu bhīṣmaṁ yudhā jetumutsaheta mahīpatiḥ.

8. sā bhīṣme pratikartavyam aham paśyāmi
sāmpratam tapasā vā yudhā vā api
duḥkhahetuḥ saḥ me mataḥ kaḥ nu
bhīṣmam yudhā jetum utsaheta mahīpatiḥ

8. aham sāmpratam bhīṣme pratikartavyam
paśyāmi saḥ tapasā vā yudhā vā
api me duḥkhahetuḥ mataḥ kaḥ mahīpatiḥ
nu bhīṣmam yudhā jetum utsaheta

8. I now see that I must retaliate against Bhishma. He is considered by me to be the cause of my sorrow, (and this retaliation must be achieved) either through penance (tapas) or through battle. What king, indeed, would dare to conquer Bhishma in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - towards Bhishma, in Bhishma's case, regarding Bhishma

• प्रतिकर्तव्यम् (pratikartavyam) - that which should be counteracted, retaliated, done against

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I perceive

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at present, properly, fittingly

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance, by austerity (tapas)

• वा (vā) - or

• युधा (yudhā) - by battle, by fight

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• दुःखहेतुः (duḥkhahetuḥ) - cause of sorrow/suffering

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he)

• मे (me) - by me (as in, 'considered by me') (my, by me, to me)

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, believed

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• युधा (yudhā) - by battle, in battle

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

• उत्सहेत (utsaheta) - would dare, would be able, would undertake

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a king, ruler (lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - towards Bhishma, in Bhishma's case, regarding Bhishma

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

प्रतिकर्तव्यम् (pratikartavyam) - that which should be counteracted, retaliated, done against

(verbal derivative)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I perceive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of paś

Root dṛś takes the gaṇavikaraṇa paś in the present system.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at present, properly, fittingly

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance, by austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

युधा (yudhā) - by battle, by fight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

दुःखहेतुः (duḥkhahetuḥ) - cause of sorrow/suffering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhahetu

duḥkhahetu - cause of sorrow, source of pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+hetu)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - by me (as in, 'considered by me') (my, by me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Used here in the sense of 'by me' with the past passive participle 'mataḥ'.

मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, believed

(verbal derivative)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

युधा (yudhā) - by battle, in battle

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

(verbal derivative)

Note: Infinitive in -tum

उत्सहेत (utsaheta) - would dare, would be able, would undertake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of utsah

Root sah with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: sah (class 1)

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a king, ruler (lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)