महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-173, verse-12

आर्तां तामाह स मुनिः शैखावत्यो महातपाः ।
निःश्वसन्तीं सतीं बालां दुःखशोकपरायणाम् ॥१२॥

12. ārtāṁ tāmāha sa muniḥ śaikhāvatyo mahātapāḥ ,
niḥśvasantīṁ satīṁ bālāṁ duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇām.

12. ārtām tām āha saḥ muniḥ śaikhāvatyaḥ mahātapaḥ
niḥśvasantīm satīm bālām duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇām

12. saḥ mahātapaḥ muniḥ śaikhāvatyaḥ ārtām niḥśvasantīm
duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇām satīm tām bālām āha

12. That sage Shaikhāvatya, who performed great asceticism (tapas), spoke to the distressed young girl who was sighing and utterly overcome by sorrow and grief.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• ताम् (tām) - her, that one

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

• शैखावत्यः (śaikhāvatyaḥ) - Shaikhāvatya (proper name)

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - great ascetic, one of great austerity (tapas)

• निःश्वसन्तीम् (niḥśvasantīm) - sighing, exhaling

• सतीम् (satīm) - who was (being, existing)

• बालाम् (bālām) - young girl, maiden

• दुःखशोकपरायणाम् (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇām) - overwhelmed by sorrow and grief, devoted to distress and sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, pained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √ṛ with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - her, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, hermit

शैखावत्यः (śaikhāvatyaḥ) - Shaikhāvatya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaikhāvatya

śaikhāvatya - Shaikhāvatya (a personal name)

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - great ascetic, one of great austerity (tapas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - one of great asceticism; great penance

Bahuvrihi compound: 'one who has great (mahā) asceticism (tapas)'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• tapas – asceticism, penance, austerity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

निःश्वसन्तीम् (niḥśvasantīm) - sighing, exhaling

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √śvas with prefix niḥ

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

सतीम् (satīm) - who was (being, existing)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

बालाम् (bālām) - young girl, maiden

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bālā

bālā - young girl, maiden, female child

दुःखशोकपरायणाम् (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇām) - overwhelmed by sorrow and grief, devoted to distress and sorrow

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa

duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa - devoted to or intent on sorrow and grief

Tatpurusha compound: 'intent on (parāyaṇa) distress (duḥkha) and grief (śoka)' (dvandva + tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+parāyaṇa)

• duḥkha – distress, suffering, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, final end, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: para
  Root: i (class 2)