महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-173, verse-4

ममायं स्वकृतो दोषो याहं भीष्मरथात्तदा ।
प्रवृत्ते वैशसे युद्धे शाल्वार्थं नापतं पुरा ।
तस्येयं फलनिर्वृत्तिर्यदापन्नास्मि मूढवत् ॥४॥

4. mamāyaṁ svakṛto doṣo yāhaṁ bhīṣmarathāttadā ,
pravṛtte vaiśase yuddhe śālvārthaṁ nāpataṁ purā ,
tasyeyaṁ phalanirvṛttiryadāpannāsmi mūḍhavat.

4. mama ayam svakṛtaḥ doṣaḥ yā aham
bhīṣmarathāt tadā pravṛtte vaiśase yuddhe
śālvārtham na āpatam purā tasya iyam
phalanirvṛttiḥ yadā āpannā asmi mūḍhavat

4. ayam mama svakṛtaḥ doṣaḥ yā aham tadā pravṛtte vaiśase yuddhe bhīṣmarathāt śālvārtham purā na āpatam.
iyam tasya phalanirvṛttiḥ,
yadā asmi mūḍhavat āpannā.

4. This fault is my own, for I did not depart from Bhishma's chariot then, during that destructive war, for the sake of Salva. This current outcome is the fruition of those consequences, as I have become afflicted like a fool.

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my (my, mine)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine))

• स्वकृतः (svakṛtaḥ) - self-made, brought about by myself (done by oneself, self-made)

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, blame (fault, defect, sin, blame)

• या (yā) - as (I, feminine) (who, which (feminine))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• भीष्मरथात् (bhīṣmarathāt) - from Bhishma's chariot

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had begun (having begun, started, taken place)

• वैशसे (vaiśase) - destructive, calamitous (destructive, calamitous, relating to slaughter)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the war (in the battle, in the war)

• शाल्वार्थम् (śālvārtham) - for the sake of Salva

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आपतम् (āpatam) - I departed (from) (I fell, I came, I went, I departed)

• पुरा (purā) - previously, before (formerly, previously, before)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (action) (of that (masculine/neuter), his)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (current situation) (this (feminine))

• फलनिर्वृत्तिः (phalanirvṛttiḥ) - fruition of consequences, outcome (result, outcome, fruition of consequences)

• यदा (yadā) - as (since) (when, at which time, as soon as)

• आपन्ना (āpannā) - afflicted, fallen into (this state) (fallen into, afflicted, obtained, reached)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• मूढवत् (mūḍhavat) - like a fool, foolishly

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my (my, mine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'doṣaḥ'.

स्वकृतः (svakṛtaḥ) - self-made, brought about by myself (done by oneself, self-made)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svakṛta

svakṛta - self-made, done by oneself

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'sva' (self) and 'kṛta' (done, made, PPP of √kṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+kṛta)

• sva – self, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'doṣaḥ'.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, blame (fault, defect, sin, blame)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, blame, sin

Note: Subject of the first clause.

या (yā) - as (I, feminine) (who, which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the speaker (feminine).

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

भीष्मरथात् (bhīṣmarathāt) - from Bhishma's chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhīṣmaratha

bhīṣmaratha - Bhishma's chariot

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+ratha)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates origin or separation.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had begun (having begun, started, taken place)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, commenced, taken place, proceeding

Past Passive Participle

PPP of pra-√vṛt (to turn, commence).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction, agrees with 'yuddhe'.

वैशसे (vaiśase) - destructive, calamitous (destructive, calamitous, relating to slaughter)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vaiśasa

vaiśasa - massacre, slaughter, destruction, calamity; relating to slaughter, destructive

From viśasa (slaughter, cutting up).

Note: Locative absolute construction, modifying 'yuddhe'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the war (in the battle, in the war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root √yudh (to fight), used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Locative absolute construction.

शाल्वार्थम् (śālvārtham) - for the sake of Salva

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'śālva' (proper name) and 'artha' (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śālva+artha)

• śālva – Salva (a proper name, king of Salvas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for the verb 'āpatam'.

आपतम् (āpatam) - I departed (from) (I fell, I came, I went, I departed)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'ā' typically means 'towards', but with 'pat' can imply movement or falling upon/departing from.

पुरा (purā) - previously, before (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (action) (of that (masculine/neuter), his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the prior inaction.

इयम् (iyam) - this (current situation) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'phalanirvṛttiḥ'.

फलनिर्वृत्तिः (phalanirvṛttiḥ) - fruition of consequences, outcome (result, outcome, fruition of consequences)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of phalanirvṛtti

phalanirvṛtti - completion of fruit, fruition of consequence, result, outcome

Compound of 'phala' (fruit, result) and 'nirvṛtti' (completion, accomplishment).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (phala+nirvṛtti)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• nirvṛtti – completion, accomplishment, outcome, cessation
  noun (feminine)
  From nir-√vṛt (to cease, complete).
  Prefix: nir
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of the final clause.

यदा (yadā) - as (since) (when, at which time, as soon as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the clauses, indicating a reason or state.

आपन्ना (āpannā) - afflicted, fallen into (this state) (fallen into, afflicted, obtained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - fallen into, obtained, reached, afflicted, undergone

Past Passive Participle

PPP of ā-√pad (to fall into, obtain).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied subject with 'asmi').

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

मूढवत् (mūḍhavat) - like a fool, foolishly

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'mūḍha' with suffix '-vat'.

Note: Adverbial usage.