महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-115, verse-1

गालव उवाच ।
महावीर्यो महीपालः काशीनामीश्वरः प्रभुः ।
दिवोदास इति ख्यातो भैमसेनिर्नराधिपः ॥१॥

1. gālava uvāca ,
mahāvīryo mahīpālaḥ kāśīnāmīśvaraḥ prabhuḥ ,
divodāsa iti khyāto bhaimasenirnarādhipaḥ.

1. gālavaḥ uvāca mahāvīryaḥ mahīpālaḥ kāśīnām īśvaraḥ
prabhuḥ divodāsaḥ iti khyātaḥ bhīmaseniḥ narādhipaḥ

1. Gālava said: "There is a very powerful king, the lord and ruler of Kāśī, known as Divodāsa, the son of Bhīmasena, a sovereign among men."

Words meanings summery:

• गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - very powerful, exceedingly mighty

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

• काशीनाम् (kāśīnām) - of Kāśī (the city/kingdom)

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord, master, ruler

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - ruler, powerful, sovereign

• दिवोदासः (divodāsaḥ) - Divodāsa

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech or name

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known, famous, renowned

• भीमसेनिः (bhīmaseniḥ) - son of Bhīmasena

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

Words meanings and morphology

गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - very powerful, exceedingly mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - very powerful, mighty, great valor

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• vīrya – strength, power, valor, energy
  noun (neuter)

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

काशीनाम् (kāśīnām) - of Kāśī (the city/kingdom)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of kāśī

kāśī - Kāśī (an ancient city and kingdom in India, modern Varanasi)

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord, master, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, god

Derived from root 'īś' (to rule, to be master of)

Root: īś (class 2)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - ruler, powerful, sovereign

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - master, lord, ruler, powerful, sovereign

Derived from 'pra' + root 'bhū'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

दिवोदासः (divodāsaḥ) - Divodāsa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divodāsa

divodāsa - Divodāsa (name of an ancient king)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech or name

(indeclinable)

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, celebrated, designated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'khyā'

Root: khyā (class 2)

भीमसेनिः (bhīmaseniḥ) - son of Bhīmasena

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmaseni

bhīmaseni - descendant of Bhīmasena, son of Bhīmasena

Patronymic derivation from 'Bhīmasena'

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'adhi' + root 'pā' (to protect) or 'i' (to go)
  Prefix: adhi