महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-101, verse-20

कः पिता जननी चास्य कतमस्यैष भोगिनः ।
वंशस्य कस्यैष महान्केतुभूत इव स्थितः ॥२०॥

20. kaḥ pitā jananī cāsya katamasyaiṣa bhoginaḥ ,
vaṁśasya kasyaiṣa mahānketubhūta iva sthitaḥ.

20. kaḥ pitā jananī ca asya katamasya eṣaḥ bhoginaḥ
vaṃśasya kasya eṣaḥ mahān ketubhūtaḥ iva sthitaḥ

20. Who are his father and mother? To which class of powerful beings does he belong? And of which great lineage does he stand like a prominent banner?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• पिता (pitā) - father

• जननी (jananī) - mother

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - his (of him, his)

• कतमस्य (katamasya) - of which (of which one, of which class)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this one, he)

• भोगिनः (bhoginaḥ) - of the powerful beings (e.g., Nāgas or those enjoying power/wealth) (of the enjoyer, of the serpent-deity, of the wealthy one)

• वंशस्य (vaṁśasya) - of the lineage (of the lineage, of the bamboo)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this one, he)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• केतुभूतः (ketubhūtaḥ) - standing like a banner, prominent sign (being a banner, appearing as a sign)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (standing, situated, firm, stable)

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

जननी (jananī) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jananī

jananī - mother, producer

From root jan (to produce, give birth)

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

कतमस्य (katamasya) - of which (of which one, of which class)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of katama

katama - which (of many), what sort of

Superlative suffix -tama

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he

भोगिनः (bhoginaḥ) - of the powerful beings (e.g., Nāgas or those enjoying power/wealth) (of the enjoyer, of the serpent-deity, of the wealthy one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhogin

bhogin - an enjoyer, one possessing enjoyment/wealth, a serpent, a Nāga, one wearing a snake

From bhoga (enjoyment, snake-hood) + in (possessive suffix)

वंशस्य (vaṁśasya) - of the lineage (of the lineage, of the bamboo)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaṃśa

vaṁśa - lineage, family, race, bamboo, progeny

कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, eminent

केतुभूतः (ketubhūtaḥ) - standing like a banner, prominent sign (being a banner, appearing as a sign)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ketubhūta

ketubhūta - having become a banner, serving as a banner or ensign

Compound type : tatpurusha (ketu+bhūta)

• ketu – banner, flag, sign, emblem
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, been, existing, a being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (standing, situated, firm, stable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, located, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)