महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-101, verse-2

एष शेषः स्थितो नागो येनेयं धार्यते सदा ।
तपसा लोकमुख्येन प्रभावमहता मही ॥२॥

2. eṣa śeṣaḥ sthito nāgo yeneyaṁ dhāryate sadā ,
tapasā lokamukhyena prabhāvamahatā mahī.

2. eṣaḥ śeṣaḥ sthitaḥ nāgaḥ yena iyam dhāryate
sadā tapasā lokamukhyena prabhāvamahatā mahī

2. This is Sheṣa, the serpent, by whom, the chief of the worlds, this earth (mahī) is always sustained through his asceticism (tapas) and immense power.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• शेषः (śeṣaḥ) - Sheṣa (name of the cosmic serpent)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated, abiding, standing

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent, cobra, Nāga (a class of divine serpents)

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• इयम् (iyam) - this, this one

• धार्यते (dhāryate) - is supported, is held, is sustained

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, through penance

• लोकमुख्येन (lokamukhyena) - by the chief of the worlds, by the most important among beings

• प्रभावमहता (prabhāvamahatā) - by great power, by mighty influence

• मही (mahī) - the earth, land

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, that which is near

Note: Masculine form matching 'śeṣaḥ'.

शेषः (śeṣaḥ) - Sheṣa (name of the cosmic serpent)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - Sheṣa (the cosmic serpent, king of nāgas), remainder, residue

Derived from the root √śiṣ (to remain).

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated, abiding, standing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, abiding, situated, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √sthā (to stand, abide) with the suffix -ta.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Masculine form matching 'śeṣaḥ' and 'nāgaḥ'.

नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent, cobra, Nāga (a class of divine serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, cobra, a mythical serpent-being

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, inasmuch as

Note: Instrumental form, indicating the agent of the passive verb 'dhāryate'.

इयम् (iyam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, the present

Note: Feminine form matching 'mahī'.

धार्यते (dhāryate) - is supported, is held, is sustained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Present Passive (causal stem)

Passive form of the causal stem 'dhārayati' (to cause to hold, to sustain), ātmanepada, 3rd person singular.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'dhāryate'.

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, through penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity, heat, fervent activity

Derived from the root √tap (to heat, to perform austerities).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the means by which the earth is supported.

लोकमुख्येन (lokamukhyena) - by the chief of the worlds, by the most important among beings

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lokamukhya

lokamukhya - chief of the worlds, principal among beings, foremost in the world

A Tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'foremost of the world/people'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+mukhya)

• loka – world, realm, people, community
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost, main
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'mukha' (face, front).

Note: Instrumental form, agreeing with 'yena' (referring to Sheṣa).

प्रभावमहता (prabhāvamahatā) - by great power, by mighty influence

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prabhāvamahat

prabhāvamahat - possessing great power, mighty in influence

A Bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'whose power is great'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prabhāva+mahat)

• prabhāva – power, might, influence, splendor, majesty
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √bhū (to be, become) with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• mahat – great, mighty, large, considerable
  adjective

Note: Instrumental form, parallel to 'tapasā', indicating another means.

मही (mahī) - the earth, land

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, land, ground, world

Often personified as Bhūmīdevī.

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'dhāryate'.