महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-46, verse-3

यस्य सूर्यसमाः पञ्च सपत्नाः स्युः प्रहारिणः ।
कथमभ्युदये तेषां न प्रमुह्येत पण्डितः ॥३॥

3. yasya sūryasamāḥ pañca sapatnāḥ syuḥ prahāriṇaḥ ,
kathamabhyudaye teṣāṁ na pramuhyeta paṇḍitaḥ.

3. yasya sūryasamāḥ pañca sapatnāḥ syuḥ prahāriṇaḥ
katham abhyudaye teṣām na pramuhyeta paṇḍitaḥ

3. For whom there are five formidable enemies, radiant like the sun and capable of striking, how could a wise man (paṇḍita) not be bewildered by their prosperity?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - for whom (referring to Duryodhana implicitly, from Bhishma's perspective) (whose, for whom, of whom)

• सूर्यसमाः (sūryasamāḥ) - radiant and powerful like the sun (like the sun, sun-like)

• पञ्च (pañca) - The five Pandava brothers (five)

• सपत्नाः (sapatnāḥ) - The Pandavas (enemies, rivals)

• स्युः (syuḥ) - there are (in a potential sense) (they may be, they would be, let them be)

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - capable of striking (in battle) (strikers, assailants, attackers)

• कथम् (katham) - how (rhetorical question implying 'it's impossible not to be bewildered') (how, in what manner, why)

• अभ्युदये (abhyudaye) - at their prosperity/rise to power (at the rise, at the prosperity, in the ascendance)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the five Pandavas) (of them, their)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रमुह्येत (pramuhyeta) - he would be bewildered, he might be confused

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - learned man, scholar, wise man

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - for whom (referring to Duryodhana implicitly, from Bhishma's perspective) (whose, for whom, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, the implied subject of Bhishma's concern.

सूर्यसमाः (sūryasamāḥ) - radiant and powerful like the sun (like the sun, sun-like)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūryasama

sūryasama - like the sun, equal to the sun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+sama)

• sūrya – sun, the sun god
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, same, like
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Agreement with `sapatnāḥ`.

पञ्च (pañca) - The five Pandava brothers (five)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies `sapatnāḥ`.

सपत्नाः (sapatnāḥ) - The Pandavas (enemies, rivals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, co-wife

Note: Subject of `syuḥ`.

स्युः (syuḥ) - there are (in a potential sense) (they may be, they would be, let them be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Present Active Optative, 3rd person plural

From root `as` (class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - capable of striking (in battle) (strikers, assailants, attackers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striking, hitting, assailant, warrior

agent noun / adjective from root `hṛ` with prefix `pra`

From root `hṛ` (to carry, seize, strike) with prefix `pra` and suffix `-in` (agent/attribute).

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how (rhetorical question implying 'it's impossible not to be bewildered') (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

अभ्युदये (abhyudaye) - at their prosperity/rise to power (at the rise, at the prosperity, in the ascendance)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhyudaya

abhyudaya - rise, prosperity, welfare, ascension

From `abhi-ud-i` (to go up towards)

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the success or advancement of the enemies.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the five Pandavas) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Possessive, refers to the `sapatnāḥ` (enemies).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for `pramuhyeta`.

प्रमुह्येत (pramuhyeta) - he would be bewildered, he might be confused

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of muh

Present Active Optative, 3rd person singular

From root `muh` (class 4) with prefix `pra`. `muhy` is present stem.

Prefix: pra

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Expresses potentiality.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - learned man, scholar, wise man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise, scholar, pundit

From `paṇḍ` (to collect, understand)

Root: paṇḍ

Note: Subject of `pramuhyeta`.