महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-46, verse-2

आचार्यो नाभिषक्तव्यः पुरुषेण विजानता ।
देशकालौ तु संप्रेक्ष्य योद्धव्यमिति मे मतिः ॥२॥

2. ācāryo nābhiṣaktavyaḥ puruṣeṇa vijānatā ,
deśakālau tu saṁprekṣya yoddhavyamiti me matiḥ.

2. ācāryaḥ na abhiṣaktavyaḥ puruṣeṇa vijānatā
deśakālau tu samprekṣya yoddhavyam iti me matiḥ

2. A discerning person should not attack a preceptor. However, having properly assessed the place and time, one should fight; this is my opinion.

Words meanings summery:

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona (preceptor, teacher, master)

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिषक्तव्यः (abhiṣaktavyaḥ) - to be attacked, to be assailed, to be injured

• पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a man, by a person

• विजानता (vijānatā) - by a discerning/wise person (by one who knows, by a discerning person)

• देशकालौ (deśakālau) - place and time (dual)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having considered, having assessed

• योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - it should be fought, one should fight

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (quotative particle)

• मे (me) - my (to me, my, by me)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, thought, understanding

Words meanings and morphology

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona (preceptor, teacher, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, master

From `ā-car` (to conduct, practice)

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of implied `abhiṣaktavya` (should not be attacked). The construction is passive.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिषक्तव्यः (abhiṣaktavyaḥ) - to be attacked, to be assailed, to be injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhiṣaktavya

abhiṣaktavya - to be attacked, assailed, injured, accused

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root `sañj` (to cling, attach) with prefix `abhi` + suffix `tavya` (passive sense)

Prefix: abhi

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Implies an obligation or necessity (should not be attacked).

पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a man, by a person

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

विजानता (vijānatā) - by a discerning/wise person (by one who knows, by a discerning person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, discerning, wise

Present Active Participle

From root `jñā` (to know) with prefix `vi`

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `puruṣeṇa`.

देशकालौ (deśakālau) - place and time (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of deśakāla

deśakāla - place and time

Compound type : dvandva (deśa+kāla)

• deśa – place, country, region
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the gerund `samprekṣya`.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having considered, having assessed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `dṛś` with prefixes `sam` and `pra`. `dṛś` becomes `īkṣ` in some forms, and `ya` suffix for absolutive with prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverbial modifier indicating prior action.

योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - it should be fought, one should fight

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yoddhavya

yoddhavya - to be fought, should be fought

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root `yudh` (class 4) + suffix `tavya` (passive sense)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Expresses obligation.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (to me, my, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself (first person pronoun)

Note: Possessive (my opinion).

मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, thought, understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, opinion, understanding, intention

From root `man` (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence (my opinion is...).