महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-46, verse-12

अश्वत्थामोवाच ।
आचार्य एव क्षमतां शान्तिरत्र विधीयताम् ।
अभिषज्यमाने हि गुरौ तद्वृत्तं रोषकारितम् ॥१२॥

12. aśvatthāmovāca ,
ācārya eva kṣamatāṁ śāntiratra vidhīyatām ,
abhiṣajyamāne hi gurau tadvṛttaṁ roṣakāritam.

12. aśvatthāmā uvāca ācāryaḥ eva kṣamatām śāntiḥ atra
vidhīyatām abhiṣajyamāne hi gurau tat vṛttam roṣakāritam

12. Aśvatthāmā said: The preceptor (ācārya) himself should forgive, and peace should be established here. Indeed, when a teacher (guru) is being attacked, such behavior is caused by anger.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - preceptor, teacher, master

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

• क्षमताम् (kṣamatām) - may he forgive, let him pardon

• शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility, quiet

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

• विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be established, let it be made, let it be done

• अभिषज्यमाने (abhiṣajyamāne) - being attacked, being assailed, being harassed

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• गुरौ (gurau) - in the teacher, concerning the teacher

• तत् (tat) - that

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, action

• रोषकारितम् (roṣakāritam) - caused by anger, arising from fury

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāmā

aśvatthāmā - The name of Droṇa's son, a powerful warrior

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - preceptor, teacher, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, master, spiritual guide, instructor

From ā-√car (to approach, practice)

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

(indeclinable)

क्षमताम् (kṣamatām) - may he forgive, let him pardon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of kṣam

imperative active

3rd person singular imperative active of √kṣam (class 1)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility, quiet

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, quiet, cessation, alleviation, repose

From √śam (to be calm, cease)

Root: śam (class 4)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be established, let it be made, let it be done

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of vidhā

imperative passive

3rd person singular imperative passive of vi-√dhā (class 3)

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

अभिषज्यमाने (abhiṣajyamāne) - being attacked, being assailed, being harassed

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhiṣajyamāṇa

abhiṣajyamāṇa - being assailed, being attacked, being fixed upon

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of abhi-√sañj (class 1)

Prefix: abhi

Root: sañj (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

गुरौ (gurau) - in the teacher, concerning the teacher

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy, important

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, referring to something previously mentioned or understood

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, occurrence, event, story, circle, round

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛt (to turn, be, happen). Can be used as a noun.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

रोषकारितम् (roṣakāritam) - caused by anger, arising from fury

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of roṣakārita

roṣakārita - caused by anger, resulting from anger

Compound: roṣa (anger) + kārita (caused, made to do - PPP of causative √kṛ)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roṣa+kārita)

• roṣa – anger, wrath, fury, indignation
  noun (masculine)
  From √ruṣ (to be angry)
  Root: ruṣ (class 4)
• kārita – caused, made, done, effected
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of the causative of √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)