महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-33, verse-7

गवाध्यक्षस्तु संत्रस्तो रथमास्थाय सत्वरः ।
जगाम नगरायैव परिक्रोशंस्तदार्तवत् ॥७॥

7. gavādhyakṣastu saṁtrasto rathamāsthāya satvaraḥ ,
jagāma nagarāyaiva parikrośaṁstadārtavat.

7. gavādhyakṣaḥ tu saṃtrastaḥ ratham āsthāya satvaraḥ
jagāma nagarāya eva parikrośan tad ārtavat

7. However, the terrified superintendent of cows, having swiftly mounted a chariot, went directly to the city, lamenting like one in distress.

Words meanings summery:

• गवाध्यक्षः (gavādhyakṣaḥ) - the superintendent of cows

• तु (tu) - but, however

• संत्रस्तः (saṁtrastaḥ) - terrified, greatly frightened

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted

• सत्वरः (satvaraḥ) - swift, quick

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went

• नगराय (nagarāya) - to the city

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• परिक्रोशन् (parikrośan) - lamenting, crying out

• तद् (tad) - then, that (adverbial)

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - like one distressed, sorrowfully

Words meanings and morphology

गवाध्यक्षः (gavādhyakṣaḥ) - the superintendent of cows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavādhyakṣa

gavādhyakṣa - superintendent of cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+adhyakṣa)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• adhyakṣa – overseer, superintendent
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: akṣ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

संत्रस्तः (saṁtrastaḥ) - terrified, greatly frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - terrified, alarmed

past passive participle

from root tras with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Agrees with gavādhyakṣaḥ.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root sthā with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सत्वरः (satvaraḥ) - swift, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satvara

satvara - swift, quick, speedy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+tvara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• tvara – speed, haste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with gavādhyakṣaḥ.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

perfect

perfect 3rd singular active

Root: gam (class 1)

नगराय (nagarāya) - to the city

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Often used with verbs of motion to indicate destination.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

परिक्रोशन् (parikrośan) - lamenting, crying out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parikrośat

parikrośat - lamenting, crying around

present active participle

from root kruś with upasarga pari

Prefix: pari

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, masculine nominative singular, agreeing with gavādhyakṣaḥ.

तद् (tad) - then, that (adverbial)

(indeclinable)

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - like one distressed, sorrowfully

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat added to ārta (distressed)