महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-33, verse-6

गोपालानां तु घोषेषु हन्यतां तैर्महारथैः ।
आरावः सुमहानासीत्संप्रहारे भयंकरे ॥६॥

6. gopālānāṁ tu ghoṣeṣu hanyatāṁ tairmahārathaiḥ ,
ārāvaḥ sumahānāsītsaṁprahāre bhayaṁkare.

6. gopālānāṃ tu ghoṣeṣu hanyatāṃ taiḥ mahārathaiḥ
ārāvaḥ sumahān āsīt saṃprahāre bhayaṃkare

6. Indeed, amidst the cowherds' settlements, as they were being struck down by those great charioteers, a very great uproar arose in that terrifying conflict.

Words meanings summery:

• गोपालानां (gopālānāṁ) - of the cowherds

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• घोषेषु (ghoṣeṣu) - in the cowherds' settlements

• हन्यतां (hanyatāṁ) - while being struck/killed

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers

• आरावः (ārāvaḥ) - a great cry, uproar

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was

• संप्रहारे (saṁprahāre) - in the great battle/conflict

• भयंकरे (bhayaṁkare) - in the fearsome, terrible

Words meanings and morphology

गोपालानां (gopālānāṁ) - of the cowherds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gopāla

gopāla - cowherd, protector of cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+pāla)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

घोषेषु (ghoṣeṣu) - in the cowherds' settlements

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - noise, clamour; cowherds' settlement

हन्यतां (hanyatāṁ) - while being struck/killed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lot) of han

imperative passive

3rd plural imperative passive. Used idiomatically in epics to convey a temporal sense, 'while they were being struck down'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Grammatically, 3rd plural imperative passive. Here it functions adverbially to indicate 'when they were being struck down'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, warrior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

आरावः (ārāvaḥ) - a great cry, uproar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārāva

ārāva - cry, shout, uproar

Prefix: ā

Root: ru (class 2)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, agreeing with ārāvaḥ.

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect

imperfect 3rd singular active

Root: as (class 2)

संप्रहारे (saṁprahāre) - in the great battle/conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃprahāra

saṁprahāra - battle, combat, conflict

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

भयंकरे (bhayaṁkare) - in the fearsome, terrible

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhayaṃkara

bhayaṁkara - causing fear, terrible, dreadful

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (bhaya+kara)

• bhaya – fear
  noun (neuter)
• kara – making, causing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with saṃprahāre.