महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-33, verse-18

रुक्मपुङ्खाः प्रसन्नाग्रा मुक्ता हस्तवता त्वया ।
छादयन्तु शराः सूर्यं राज्ञामायुर्निरोधिनः ॥१८॥

18. rukmapuṅkhāḥ prasannāgrā muktā hastavatā tvayā ,
chādayantu śarāḥ sūryaṁ rājñāmāyurnirodhinaḥ.

18. rukmapuṅkhāḥ prasannāgrā muktā hastavatā tvayā
chādayantu śarāḥ sūryam rājñām āyuḥ nirodhinaḥ

18. Let these arrows, which have golden shafts and sharp tips, released by your skillful hand, cover the sun and obstruct the lives of kings.

Words meanings summery:

• रुक्मपुङ्खाः (rukmapuṅkhāḥ) - having golden shafts/feathers

• प्रसन्नाग्रा (prasannāgrā) - with sharp, clear tips (of arrows) (having clear/bright/sharp tips)

• मुक्ता (muktā) - released, discharged

• हस्तवता (hastavatā) - by the skillful archer (by the one possessing hands, by the skillful one)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• छादयन्तु (chādayantu) - let them cover

• शराः (śarāḥ) - arrows

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• निरोधिनः (nirodhinaḥ) - obstructors of the lives (of kings) (obstructing, stopping, restrainers)

Words meanings and morphology

रुक्मपुङ्खाः (rukmapuṅkhāḥ) - having golden shafts/feathers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rukmapuṅkha

rukmapuṅkha - having golden feathers/shafts (of an arrow)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rukma+puṅkha)

• rukma – gold, golden, ornament
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather (of an arrow), shaft, tail
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `śarāḥ`.

प्रसन्नाग्रा (prasannāgrā) - with sharp, clear tips (of arrows) (having clear/bright/sharp tips)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prasannāgra

prasannāgra - having clear/bright/sharp tips

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prasanna+agra)

• prasanna – clear, bright, sharp, pleased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `sad` with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `śarāḥ`.

मुक्ता (muktā) - released, discharged

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mukta

mukta - released, set free, discharged

Past Passive Participle

From root `muc`.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing `śarāḥ`.

हस्तवता (hastavatā) - by the skillful archer (by the one possessing hands, by the skillful one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hastavat

hastavat - having hands, skillful, dexterous

Formed from `hasta` (hand) with the possessive suffix `vatup`.

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of `muktā` (released by you).

छादयन्तु (chādayantu) - let them cover

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of chāday

imperative

Causative of the root `chad`. Imperative, active voice, 3rd person plural.

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Subject is `śarāḥ`.

शराः (śarāḥ) - arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of `chādayantu` and `nirodhinaḥ`.

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Note: Object of `chādayantu`.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, lifespan

Note: Object for `nirodhinaḥ` (obstructors of life).

निरोधिनः (nirodhinaḥ) - obstructors of the lives (of kings) (obstructing, stopping, restrainers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirodhin

nirodhin - obstructing, restraining, preventing, an obstructer

Agent noun/Adjective

Formed with the `ini` suffix (agent noun) from the root `rudh` with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `śarāḥ`.