महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-2, verse-21

अर्जुन उवाच ।
प्रतिज्ञां षण्ढकोऽस्मीति करिष्यामि महीपते ।
ज्याघातौ हि महान्तौ मे संवर्तुं नृप दुष्करौ ॥२१॥

21. arjuna uvāca ,
pratijñāṁ ṣaṇḍhako'smīti kariṣyāmi mahīpate ,
jyāghātau hi mahāntau me saṁvartuṁ nṛpa duṣkarau.

21. arjunaḥ uvāca | pratijñām ṣaṇḍhakaḥ asmi iti kariṣyāmi
mahīpate | jyāghātau hi mahāntau me saṃvartum nṛpa duṣkarau

21. Arjuna said: 'O King (mahīpate), I will take the vow, "I am a eunuch," because, O King (nṛpa), my two prominent bowstring marks are difficult to conceal.'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - a vow, a promise, an assertion

• षण्ढकः (ṣaṇḍhakaḥ) - a eunuch

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marker for direct speech)

• करिष्यामि (kariṣyāmi) - I will do, I will make, I will perform

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O king, O lord of the earth

• ज्याघातौ (jyāghātau) - two bowstring marks, two marks of bowstring impact

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• महान्तौ (mahāntau) - great, large, prominent (dual masculine)

• मे (me) - my, to me

• संवर्तुम् (saṁvartum) - to conceal, to cover, to roll up

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king (vocative)

• दुष्करौ (duṣkarau) - difficult to do, hard, arduous (dual masculine)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince); white, silver

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - a vow, a promise, an assertion

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, assertion, declaration

verbal noun from prati-√jñā

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

षण्ढकः (ṣaṇḍhakaḥ) - a eunuch

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaṇḍhaka

ṣaṇḍhaka - eunuch, impotent man

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marker for direct speech)

(indeclinable)

करिष्यामि (kariṣyāmi) - I will do, I will make, I will perform

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महीपते (mahīpate) - O king, O lord of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

ज्याघातौ (jyāghātau) - two bowstring marks, two marks of bowstring impact

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jyāghāta

jyāghāta - striking of a bowstring; mark caused by a bowstring

verbal noun from ā-√han

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jyā+āghāta)

• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)
• āghāta – strike, blow, impact
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun from ā-√han
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

महान्तौ (mahāntau) - great, large, prominent (dual masculine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahant

mahant - great, large, mighty, prominent

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Enclitic form of the pronoun 'I' (first person singular), used here in the genitive case (possessive).

संवर्तुम् (saṁvartum) - to conceal, to cover, to roll up

(verbal)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (vocative)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protecting, cherishing
  adjective
  from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

दुष्करौ (duṣkarau) - difficult to do, hard, arduous (dual masculine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard, arduous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• kara – making, doing; hand
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root kṛ (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)