महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-76, verse-13

नल उवाच ।
न मेऽपराधं कृतवांस्त्वं स्वल्पमपि पार्थिव ।
कृतेऽपि च न मे कोपः क्षन्तव्यं हि मया तव ॥१३॥

13. nala uvāca ,
na me'parādhaṁ kṛtavāṁstvaṁ svalpamapi pārthiva ,
kṛte'pi ca na me kopaḥ kṣantavyaṁ hi mayā tava.

13. nala uvāca na me aparādham kṛtavān tvam svalpam api
pārthiva kṛte api ca na me kopaḥ kṣantavyam hi mayā tava

13. Nala said, "O King, you have not committed even a slight offense against me. Even if you had, I would not be angry, for it is indeed proper for me to forgive you."

Words meanings summery:

• नल (nala) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke, stated)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• मे (me) - against me (dative of interest) (to me, for me, my)

• अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense (offense, fault, transgression, sin)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - you have committed (literally 'you, having done') (one who has done, performed, made)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

• स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - even a slight (small, little, slight, trifling)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too, if)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O earthly ruler)

• कृते (kṛte) - even if committed (lit. 'in the case of having been done') (done, performed, made; on account of, for the sake of)

• अपि (api) - even (if) (also, even, too, if)

• च (ca) - and, even (and, also, moreover)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

• कोपः (kopaḥ) - anger (anger, wrath, fury)

• क्षन्तव्यम् (kṣantavyam) - it must be forgiven, proper to forgive (to be forgiven, pardonable, to be endured)

• हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, because)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तव (tava) - to you (to you, for you, your)

Words meanings and morphology

नल (nala) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a king in Hindu mythology)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke, stated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice, from the root √vac (class 2). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - against me (dative of interest) (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Here functioning as dative of interest or relation, 'against me'.

अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense (offense, fault, transgression, sin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, transgression, crime, sin

Derived from the root √rādh (to succeed, accomplish) with the prefix 'apa' (away, against).

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - you have committed (literally 'you, having done') (one who has done, performed, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - one who has done, performed, made, caused

Past Active Participle

Derived from the root √kṛ (to do, make) with the suffix '-vat'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with the subject 'tvam' (you).

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, yourself

स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - even a slight (small, little, slight, trifling)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svalpa

svalpa - small, little, slight, trifling

Compound of 'su' (very, well) and 'alpa' (little).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'aparādham'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too, if)

(indeclinable)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O earthly ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, ruler, prince

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) with the suffix '-a', meaning 'belonging to the earth' or 'ruler of the earth'.

कृते (kṛte) - even if committed (lit. 'in the case of having been done') (done, performed, made; on account of, for the sake of)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, completed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the act of 'offense' being committed.

अपि (api) - even (if) (also, even, too, if)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, even (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: In conjunction with 'api', it means 'and even if'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Here functioning as genitive, 'my anger'.

कोपः (kopaḥ) - anger (anger, wrath, fury)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury, indignation

Derived from the root √kup (to be agitated, angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

क्षन्तव्यम् (kṣantavyam) - it must be forgiven, proper to forgive (to be forgiven, pardonable, to be endured)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣantavya

kṣantavya - to be forgiven, pardonable, to be endured, to be suffered

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from the root √kṣam (to be patient, forgive, endure) with the suffix '-tavya'.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Expresses obligation or fitness.

हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Indicates the agent in a passive construction.

तव (tava) - to you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, yourself

Note: Here functioning as dative of recipient, 'to you'.