महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-76, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
अथ तां व्युषितो रात्रिं नलो राजा स्वलंकृतः ।
वैदर्भ्या सहितः काल्यं ददर्श वसुधाधिपम् ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
atha tāṁ vyuṣito rātriṁ nalo rājā svalaṁkṛtaḥ ,
vaidarbhyā sahitaḥ kālyaṁ dadarśa vasudhādhipam.

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca atha tām vyuṣitaḥ rātrim nalaḥ rājā
svalaṅkṛtaḥ vaidarbhyā sahitaḥ kālyam dadarśa vasudhādhipam

1. Bṛhadaśva said: After that night had passed, King Nala, beautifully adorned and accompanied by Vaidarbhī, appeared before the ruler of the earth (King Bhīma) in the morning.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्व (bṛhadaśva) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• ताम् (tām) - referring to 'rātrim' (night) (that, her)

• व्युषितः (vyuṣitaḥ) - having passed, having spent (the night)

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

• नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• स्वलङ्कृतः (svalaṅkṛtaḥ) - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

• वैदर्भ्या (vaidarbhyā) - with Damayantī, the princess of Vidarbha (with Vaidarbhī, by Vaidarbhī)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by, together with

• काल्यम् (kālyam) - in the morning, at dawn

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• वसुधाधिपम् (vasudhādhipam) - King Bhīma, Damayantī's father (king, ruler of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्व (bṛhadaśva) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage, narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - referring to 'rātrim' (night) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

व्युषितः (vyuṣitaḥ) - having passed, having spent (the night)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyuṣita

vyuṣita - passed, spent, elapsed, residing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root vas- (to reside, dwell) with prefixes vi- and ud-

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: vas (class 2)

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Object of 'vyuṣita' (having passed).

नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Appositive to Nalaḥ.

स्वलङ्कृतः (svalaṅkṛtaḥ) - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svalaṅkṛta

svalaṅkṛta - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective, svalaṅkṛta (su + alaṃkṛta)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alaṅkṛta)

• su – well, good, beautiful, excellent
  indeclinable
• alaṅkṛta – adorned, decorated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from alaṃ-√kṛ (to decorate)
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वैदर्भ्या (vaidarbhyā) - with Damayantī, the princess of Vidarbha (with Vaidarbhī, by Vaidarbhī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vaidarbhī

vaidarbhī - A princess of Vidarbha; Damayantī

Note: Used with 'sahitaḥ'.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, together with

Past Passive Participle

From sa-√dhā (to put, to join)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with Nalaḥ. Takes instrumental case for the accompanying person.

काल्यम् (kālyam) - in the morning, at dawn

(indeclinable)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वसुधाधिपम् (vasudhādhipam) - King Bhīma, Damayantī's father (king, ruler of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasudhādhipa

vasudhādhipa - ruler of the earth, king

Compound: vasudhā (earth) + adhipa (ruler)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (vasudhā+adhipa)

• vasudhā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-√pā (to protect, govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.