महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-295, verse-15

शीतलच्छायमासाद्य न्यग्रोधं गहने वने ।
क्षुत्पिपासापरीताङ्गाः पाण्डवाः समुपाविशन् ॥१५॥

15. śītalacchāyamāsādya nyagrodhaṁ gahane vane ,
kṣutpipāsāparītāṅgāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ samupāviśan.

15. śītalacchāyam āsādya nyagrodham gahane vane
kṣutpipāsāparītāṅgāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ samupāviśan

15. After reaching a banyan tree with cool shade in the dense forest, the Pandavas, their bodies tormented by hunger and thirst, sat down.

Words meanings summery:

• शीतलच्छायम् (śītalacchāyam) - referring to the banyan tree (cool-shaded, having cool shade)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

• न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - a banyan tree

• गहने (gahane) - in the dense, in the deep

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• क्षुत्पिपासापरीताङ्गाः (kṣutpipāsāparītāṅgāḥ) - referring to the Pandavas (with bodies afflicted by hunger and thirst)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

• समुपाविशन् (samupāviśan) - they sat down, they settled

Words meanings and morphology

शीतलच्छायम् (śītalacchāyam) - referring to the banyan tree (cool-shaded, having cool shade)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śītalacchāya

śītalacchāya - having cool shade, cool-shaded

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'that whose shade is cool'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śītala+chāyā)

• śītala – cool, cold, chilly
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: śī
• chāyā – shade, shadow, reflection
  noun (feminine)
  Root: chā

Note: Agrees with 'nyagrodham'.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √sad (to sit, to settle) with prefix ā-. With suffix -ya for absolutive in compound verbs.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Absolutive, indicating a prior action to the main verb 'samupāviśan'.

न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - a banyan tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nyagrodha

nyagrodha - Ficus indica, the banyan tree

Literally 'growing downwards', referring to its aerial roots.

Root: rudh

Note: Object of the absolutive 'āsādya'.

गहने (gahane) - in the dense, in the deep

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gahana

gahana - dense, thick, impenetrable, deep

Derived from root √gah (to be dense, impenetrable).

Root: gah

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Root: van

Note: Locative case indicating location.

क्षुत्पिपासापरीताङ्गाः (kṣutpipāsāparītāṅgāḥ) - referring to the Pandavas (with bodies afflicted by hunger and thirst)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣutpipāsāparītāṅga

kṣutpipāsāparītāṅga - whose limbs are afflicted by hunger and thirst, with bodies overcome by hunger and thirst

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'Kṣutpipāsā-parīta-aṅga', meaning 'whose limbs (aṅga) are overcome (parīta) by hunger and thirst (kṣutpipāsā)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣutpipāsā+parīta+aṅga)

• kṣutpipāsā – hunger and thirst
  noun (feminine)
  Dvandva compound of kṣudh (hunger) and pipāsā (thirst).
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, afflicted, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √i (to go) with prefix pari-.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• aṅga – limb, body part, body
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ag

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu, the Pandavas

From Paṇḍu (name of a king) with a suffix indicating progeny.

Note: Subject of the main verb 'samupāviśan'.

समुपाविशन् (samupāviśan) - they sat down, they settled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of viś

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root with prefixes sam- and upa-.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: viś (class 6)