महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-236, verse-5

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
धर्मराजनिसृष्टस्तु धार्तराष्ट्रः सुयोधनः ।
लज्जयाधोमुखः सीदन्नुपासर्पत्सुदुःखितः ॥५॥

5. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
dharmarājanisṛṣṭastu dhārtarāṣṭraḥ suyodhanaḥ ,
lajjayādhomukhaḥ sīdannupāsarpatsuduḥkhitaḥ.

5. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca dharmarājanisṛṣṭaḥ tu dhārtarāṣṭraḥ
suyodhanaḥ lajjayā adhomukhaḥ sīdan upāsarpat suduḥkhitaḥ

5. Vaiśampāyana said: Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, dismissed by the king upholding natural law (dharma-rāja), approached in great distress, his face bowed down in shame, sinking.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धर्मराजनिसृष्टः (dharmarājanisṛṣṭaḥ) - dismissed by Yudhiṣṭhira, the king upholding natural law (dharma-rāja) (dismissed by the king of natural law)

• तु (tu) - indeed, then (but, indeed, however)

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest Kaurava) (Duryodhana (literally, 'good fighter', but used ironically as a name for Duryodhana))

• लज्जया (lajjayā) - by shame, with shame, from shame

• अधोमुखः (adhomukhaḥ) - his face bowed down (in shame) (face downwards, downcast)

• सीदन् (sīdan) - sinking down (due to distress/shame) (sinking, drooping, despondent)

• उपासर्पत् (upāsarpat) - he approached, he went near

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मराजनिसृष्टः (dharmarājanisṛṣṭaḥ) - dismissed by Yudhiṣṭhira, the king upholding natural law (dharma-rāja) (dismissed by the king of natural law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarājanisṛṣṭa

dharmarājanisṛṣṭa - dismissed by the king of natural law

Compound containing a Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound: dharmarāja (king of natural law) + nisṛṣṭa (dismissed, sent forth).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharmarāja+nisṛṣṭa)

• dharma-rāja – king of natural law, king of righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: dharma (natural law) + rāja (king).
• nisṛṣṭa – dismissed, released, sent forth
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ni- + √sṛj (to release, dismiss) with kta suffix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'suyodhanaḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed, then (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Agrees with 'suyodhanaḥ'.

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest Kaurava) (Duryodhana (literally, 'good fighter', but used ironically as a name for Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

लज्जया (lajjayā) - by shame, with shame, from shame

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of lajjā

lajjā - shame, modesty, bashfulness

Note: Indicates the cause of his downcast face.

अधोमुखः (adhomukhaḥ) - his face bowed down (in shame) (face downwards, downcast)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhomukha

adhomukha - face downwards, downcast, hanging down

Compound: adhas (down) + mukha (face).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – below, downwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'suyodhanaḥ'.

सीदन् (sīdan) - sinking down (due to distress/shame) (sinking, drooping, despondent)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sīd

sīd - to sink, to sit down, to become dejected

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root sad (to sit, sink) with strengthening of the vowel.

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'suyodhanaḥ', indicating a concurrent action.

उपासर्पत् (upāsarpat) - he approached, he went near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upasarpat

Imperfect 3rd singular active of upa- + √sṛp (to creep, move).

Prefix: upa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the clause.

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

Compound containing a Past Passive Participle

Compound: su (very, well) + duḥkhita (distressed, unhappy).

Compound type : prādi (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, unhappy, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root duḥkh (to suffer) with kta suffix.
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'suyodhanaḥ'.