महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-236, verse-11

अहं त्वभिद्रुतः सर्वैर्गन्धर्वैः पश्यतस्तव ।
नाशक्नुवं स्थापयितुं दीर्यमाणां स्ववाहिनीम् ॥११॥

11. ahaṁ tvabhidrutaḥ sarvairgandharvaiḥ paśyatastava ,
nāśaknuvaṁ sthāpayituṁ dīryamāṇāṁ svavāhinīm.

11. ahaṃ tu abhidrutaḥ sarvaiḥ gandharvaiḥ paśyataḥ
tava na aśaknuvaṃ sthāpayituṃ dīryamāṇāṃ svavāhinīm

11. Even as you watched, I was assailed by all the Gandharvas and was unable to prevent my own army from being shattered.

Words meanings summery:

• अहं (ahaṁ) - I (Duryodhana) (I, myself)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (emphasizing the contrast of being defeated despite his audience) (but, indeed, yet)

• अभिद्रुतः (abhidrutaḥ) - assailed (by the Gandharvas) (assailed, attacked, oppressed)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (of the Gandharvas) (by all, by everyone)

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas (by the Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while you (Arjuna) were watching (seeing, looking on (genitive absolute construction))

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Arjuna) (your, of you)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अशक्नुवं (aśaknuvaṁ) - I was able (I was able, I could)

• स्थापयितुं (sthāpayituṁ) - to stop, to hold back (to stop, to keep, to establish)

• दीर्यमाणां (dīryamāṇāṁ) - breaking apart, being shattered (shattering, breaking apart, being torn)

• स्ववाहिनीम् (svavāhinīm) - my own army (my own army, one's own host)

Words meanings and morphology

अहं (ahaṁ) - I (Duryodhana) (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

तु (tu) - but, indeed (emphasizing the contrast of being defeated despite his audience) (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

अभिद्रुतः (abhidrutaḥ) - assailed (by the Gandharvas) (assailed, attacked, oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhidruta

abhidruta - assailed, attacked, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

from √dru (to run) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle used adjectivally.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (of the Gandharvas) (by all, by everyone)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to Gandharvas.

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas (by the Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva, a celestial musician

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while you (Arjuna) were watching (seeing, looking on (genitive absolute construction))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

from √dṛś (to see), stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used in a genitive absolute construction with 'tava'.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Arjuna) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive form.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: negation

अशक्नुवं (aśaknuvaṁ) - I was able (I was able, I could)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: First person singular imperfect of √śak.

स्थापयितुं (sthāpayituṁ) - to stop, to hold back (to stop, to keep, to establish)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

from causative of √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Infinitive.

दीर्यमाणां (dīryamāṇāṁ) - breaking apart, being shattered (shattering, breaking apart, being torn)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīryamāṇa

dīryamāṇa - being broken, being torn, shattering

Present Passive Participle

from √dṝ (to tear, to burst)

Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Present Passive Participle.

स्ववाहिनीम् (svavāhinīm) - my own army (my own army, one's own host)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of svavāhinī

svavāhinī - one's own army/host

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+vāhinī)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• vāhinī – army, host, river
  noun (feminine)