महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-236, verse-8

अथोपविष्टं राजानं पर्यङ्के ज्वलनप्रभे ।
उपप्लुतं यथा सोमं राहुणा रात्रिसंक्षये ।
उपगम्याब्रवीत्कर्णो दुर्योधनमिदं तदा ॥८॥

8. athopaviṣṭaṁ rājānaṁ paryaṅke jvalanaprabhe ,
upaplutaṁ yathā somaṁ rāhuṇā rātrisaṁkṣaye ,
upagamyābravītkarṇo duryodhanamidaṁ tadā.

8. atha upaviṣṭaṃ rājānaṃ paryaṅke
jvalanaprabhe upaplutaṃ yathā somaṃ
rāhuṇā rātrisaṃkṣaye upagamya
abravīt karṇaḥ duryodhanam idam tadā

8. Then Karṇa approached Duryodhana, who was seated on a couch shining like fire and who, at the end of the night, was eclipsed like the moon by Rāhu. Karṇa then spoke these words to the king (Duryodhana).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• उपविष्टं (upaviṣṭaṁ) - seated (seated, sitting, settled)

• राजानं (rājānaṁ) - king (Duryodhana) (king, ruler)

• पर्यङ्के (paryaṅke) - on the couch (on the couch, on the bed, on the divan)

• ज्वलनप्रभे (jvalanaprabhe) - shining like fire (shining like fire, having the splendor of fire)

• उपप्लुतं (upaplutaṁ) - eclipsed (eclipsed, covered, afflicted)

• यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, according to)

• सोमं (somaṁ) - the moon (the moon (also soma plant/juice))

• राहुणा (rāhuṇā) - by Rāhu (by Rāhu (a mythical demon who causes eclipses))

• रात्रिसंक्षये (rātrisaṁkṣaye) - at the end of the night (at the end of the night, at the destruction of the night)

• उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone near)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (Karṇa (a proper name))

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (a proper name))

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these (words))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टं (upaviṣṭaṁ) - seated (seated, sitting, settled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting, settled

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix upa- and root viś- 'to enter, sit'.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with rājānaṃ.

राजानं (rājānaṁ) - king (Duryodhana) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

पर्यङ्के (paryaṅke) - on the couch (on the couch, on the bed, on the divan)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of paryaṅka

paryaṅka - couch, bed, divan

ज्वलनप्रभे (jvalanaprabhe) - shining like fire (shining like fire, having the splendor of fire)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jvalanaprabha

jvalanaprabha - having the splendor of fire, shining like fire

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jvalana+prabhā)

• jvalana – burning, fire, flame
  noun (masculine)
  From root jval- 'to burn, shine'.
  Root: jval (class 1)
• prabhā – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with paryaṅke.

उपप्लुतं (upaplutaṁ) - eclipsed (eclipsed, covered, afflicted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upapluta

upapluta - eclipsed, covered, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix upa- and root plu- 'to flow, to be afflicted'.

Prefix: upa

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājānaṃ.

यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, according to)

(indeclinable)

सोमं (somaṁ) - the moon (the moon (also soma plant/juice))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma (plant/juice), lord of the night

Root: su (class 5)

Note: Object of comparison.

राहुणा (rāhuṇā) - by Rāhu (by Rāhu (a mythical demon who causes eclipses))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāhu

rāhu - Rāhu (a celestial body, demon causing eclipses)

Note: Agent of the action 'eclipsed'.

रात्रिसंक्षये (rātrisaṁkṣaye) - at the end of the night (at the end of the night, at the destruction of the night)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rātrisaṃkṣaya

rātrisaṁkṣaya - end of the night, destruction of the night

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+saṃkṣaya)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• saṃkṣaya – end, destruction, decay
  noun (masculine)
  From sam- + kṣi- 'to destroy'.
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix upa- and root gam- 'to go' with suffix -ya.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular, root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (Karṇa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (son of Kuntī and Sūrya), ear

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest Kaurava prince)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these (words))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Refers to the following speech.

Note: Refers to the speech.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)