महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-236, verse-6

स्वपुरं प्रययौ राजा चतुरङ्गबलानुगः ।
शोकोपहतया बुद्ध्या चिन्तयानः पराभवम् ॥६॥

6. svapuraṁ prayayau rājā caturaṅgabalānugaḥ ,
śokopahatayā buddhyā cintayānaḥ parābhavam.

6. svapuram prayayau rājā caturaṅgabalānugaḥ
śokopahatayā buddhyā cintayānaḥ parābhavam

6. The king, accompanied by his four-fold army, returned to his own city, reflecting on his defeat with his intellect overcome by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - his own city

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he returned (to his city) (he went, he returned)

• राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana, the king (king)

• चतुरङ्गबलानुगः (caturaṅgabalānugaḥ) - accompanied by his four-fold army (infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots) (followed by the four-limbed army)

• शोकोपहतया (śokopahatayā) - by (intellect) overcome by sorrow

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by understanding

• चिन्तयानः (cintayānaḥ) - contemplating, reflecting, thinking

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, overthrow

Words meanings and morphology

स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - his own city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svapura

svapura - one's own city

Compound: sva (own) + pura (city).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+pura)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of motion, governed by 'prayayau'.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he returned (to his city) (he went, he returned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-yā

Perfect 3rd singular active of pra- + √yā (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana, the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'prayayau'.

चतुरङ्गबलानुगः (caturaṅgabalānugaḥ) - accompanied by his four-fold army (infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots) (followed by the four-limbed army)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturaṅgabalānuga

caturaṅgabalānuga - followed by the four-limbed army

Compound containing a noun formed with anuga

Bahuvrīhi compound: caturaṅga (four-limbed) + bala (army) + anuga (following).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (caturaṅga+bala+anuga)

• caturaṅga – four-limbed, four-fold (referring to army divisions: chariots, elephants, cavalry, infantry)
  adjective
  Compound: catur (four) + aṅga (limb, component).
• bala – strength, force, army
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, accompanied by, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from anu- + √gam (to go) with suffix -a.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

शोकोपहतया (śokopahatayā) - by (intellect) overcome by sorrow

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śokopahatā

śokopahatā - overcome by sorrow, afflicted by grief

Compound containing a Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound: śoka (sorrow) + upahatā (struck, afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+upahatā)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• upahatā – struck, afflicted, overcome
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa- + √han (to strike, destroy) with kta suffix. Feminine form.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'buddhyā'.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception

Note: Instrument by which he was reflecting.

चिन्तयानः (cintayānaḥ) - contemplating, reflecting, thinking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintayāna

cintayāna - contemplating, reflecting, thinking

Present Middle Participle

Present participle (śānac) of root cint (to think, consider) in the 10th class or causative stem.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā', indicating a concurrent action.

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, overthrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, overthrow, humiliation

From parā- + √bhū (to be, to be overcome).

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cintayānaḥ'.