महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-14, verse-5

तत्र वक्ष्याम्यहं दोषान्यैर्भवानवरोपितः ।
वीरसेनसुतो यैश्च राज्यात्प्रभ्रंशितः पुरा ॥५॥

5. tatra vakṣyāmyahaṁ doṣānyairbhavānavaropitaḥ ,
vīrasenasuto yaiśca rājyātprabhraṁśitaḥ purā.

5. tatra vakṣyāmi aham doṣān yaiḥ bhavān avaropitaḥ
vīrasenasutaḥ yaiḥ ca rājyāt prabhraṃśitaḥ purā

5. Then, I will explain the flaws by which one is deposed, such as how the son of Virasena (Nala) was previously dethroned from his kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that case

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak/tell

• अहम् (aham) - I

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, dangers

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

• भवान् (bhavān) - one (general reference) (you (honorific))

• अवरोपितः (avaropitaḥ) - deposed, caused to fall, cast down

• वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - Nala, king of Nishadha (the son of Virasena)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom, from sovereignty

• प्रभ्रंशितः (prabhraṁśitaḥ) - dethroned, made to fall, deprived

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in olden times

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that case

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak/tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, dangers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, blame, danger

Root: duṣ (class 4)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

भवान् (bhavān) - one (general reference) (you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, sir, madam, being, existing

present active participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to become). Often used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अवरोपितः (avaropitaḥ) - deposed, caused to fall, cast down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaropita

avaropita - deposed, caused to fall, cast down

past passive participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root 'rup' (to break, to disturb) with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: rup (class 6)

वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - Nala, king of Nishadha (the son of Virasena)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīrasenasuta

vīrasenasuta - son of Virasena

Compound of 'Vīrasena' (proper name) and 'suta' (son).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vīrasena+suta)

• vīrasena – Virasena (proper name, father of King Nala)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'sū' (to beget).
  Root: sū (class 2)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom, from sovereignty

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, sovereignty

Derived from 'rājan' (king).

प्रभ्रंशितः (prabhraṁśitaḥ) - dethroned, made to fall, deprived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhraṃśita

prabhraṁśita - dethroned, made to fall, deprived of, ruined

past passive participle (causative)

Derived from root 'bhraṃś' (to fall) with prefix 'pra', in its causative sense.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in olden times

(indeclinable)