महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-14, verse-5

तत्र वक्ष्याम्यहं दोषान्यैर्भवानवरोपितः ।
वीरसेनसुतो यैश्च राज्यात्प्रभ्रंशितः पुरा ॥५॥

5. tatra vakṣyāmyahaṁ doṣānyairbhavānavaropitaḥ ,
vīrasenasuto yaiśca rājyātprabhraṁśitaḥ purā.

5. tatra vakṣyāmi aham doṣān yaiḥ bhavān avaropitaḥ
vīrasenasutaḥ yaiḥ ca rājyāt prabhraṃśitaḥ purā

5. Then, I will explain the flaws by which one is deposed, such as how the son of Virasena (Nala) was previously dethroned from his kingdom.

5. שם הייתי מציין את הפגמים שבגללם הופלת, ושבגללם גורש נַלַה בן וִירַסֵנַה מממלכתו בעבר.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that case

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak/tell

• अहम् (aham) - I

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, dangers

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

• भवान् (bhavān) - one (general reference) (you (honorific))

• अवरोपितः (avaropitaḥ) - deposed, caused to fall, cast down

• वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - Nala, king of Nishadha (the son of Virasena)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom, from sovereignty

• प्रभ्रंशितः (prabhraṁśitaḥ) - dethroned, made to fall, deprived

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in olden times

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that case

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak/tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, dangers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, blame, danger

Root: duṣ (class 4)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

भवान् (bhavān) - one (general reference) (you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, sir, madam, being, existing

present active participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to become). Often used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अवरोपितः (avaropitaḥ) - deposed, caused to fall, cast down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaropita

avaropita - deposed, caused to fall, cast down

past passive participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root 'rup' (to break, to disturb) with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: rup (class 6)

वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - Nala, king of Nishadha (the son of Virasena)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīrasenasuta

vīrasenasuta - son of Virasena

Compound of 'Vīrasena' (proper name) and 'suta' (son).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vīrasena+suta)

• vīrasena – Virasena (proper name, father of King Nala)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'sū' (to beget).
  Root: sū (class 2)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom, from sovereignty

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, sovereignty

Derived from 'rājan' (king).

प्रभ्रंशितः (prabhraṁśitaḥ) - dethroned, made to fall, deprived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhraṃśita

prabhraṁśita - dethroned, made to fall, deprived of, ruined

past passive participle (causative)

Derived from root 'bhraṃś' (to fall) with prefix 'pra', in its causative sense.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in olden times

(indeclinable)

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