महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-101, verse-1

देवा ऊचुः ।
इतः प्रदानाद्वर्तन्ते प्रजाः सर्वाश्चतुर्विधाः ।
ता भाविता भावयन्ति हव्यकव्यैर्दिवौकसः ॥१॥

1. devā ūcuḥ ,
itaḥ pradānādvartante prajāḥ sarvāścaturvidhāḥ ,
tā bhāvitā bhāvayanti havyakavyairdivaukasaḥ.

1. devā ūcuḥ itaḥ pradānāt vartante prajāḥ sarvāḥ caturvidhāḥ
tāḥ bhāvitāḥ bhāvayanti havyakavyaiḥ divaukasaḥ

1. The gods said: From this offering (dāna), all four kinds of creatures (prajāḥ) sustain themselves. These (creatures), being duly honored (by humans), in turn honor (bhāvayanti) the celestial beings (divaukasaḥ) with offerings (havya) for deities and oblations (kavya) for ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• देवा (devā) - the gods, divine beings

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke

• इतः (itaḥ) - from this, from here, from this source

• प्रदानात् (pradānāt) - from the giving, from the offering, from the grant (dāna)

• वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they exist, they subsist, they carry on

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, beings, mankind, progeny

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, fourfold

• ताः (tāḥ) - those, they (feminine plural)

• भाविताः (bhāvitāḥ) - cherished, honored, developed, nourished

• भावयन्ति (bhāvayanti) - they cherish, nourish, propitiate, honor

• हव्यकव्यैः (havyakavyaiḥ) - with offerings for deities (havya) and oblations for ancestors (kavya)

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - celestial beings, dwellers of heaven, gods

Words meanings and morphology

देवा (devā) - the gods, divine beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, divine, celestial being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'ūcuḥ'.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural.

Irregular perfect formation of 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used as an introductory phrase for speech.

इतः (itaḥ) - from this, from here, from this source

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas' from 'idam' (this).

प्रदानात् (pradānāt) - from the giving, from the offering, from the grant (dāna)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, offering, grant, donation (dāna)

From pra + dā 'to give'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to offerings/sacrifices.

वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they exist, they subsist, they carry on

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, beings, mankind, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - creature, progeny, people, subjects, offspring

From pra + jan 'to be born'.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vartante'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Adjective modifying 'prajāḥ'.

चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, fourfold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold

Compound: catur (four) + vidha (kind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā 'to place' with vi.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjective modifying 'prajāḥ'.

ताः (tāḥ) - those, they (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to 'prajāḥ'.

भाविताः (bhāvitāḥ) - cherished, honored, developed, nourished

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhāvita

bhāvita - caused to be, developed, cherished, nourished, honored, purified

Past Passive Participle

From causative stem of root bhū (to be) + suffix ita.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tāḥ' (prajāḥ).

भावयन्ति (bhāvayanti) - they cherish, nourish, propitiate, honor

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Causative formation, Present tense, 3rd person plural.

From causative stem bhāvaya.

Root: bhū (class 1)

हव्यकव्यैः (havyakavyaiḥ) - with offerings for deities (havya) and oblations for ancestors (kavya)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of havyakavya

havyakavya - offerings to gods and ancestors

Dvanda compound of havya and kavya.

Compound type : dvandva (havya+kavya)

• havya – offering, oblation (for gods)
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root hu 'to offer'.
  Root: hu (class 3)
• kavya – oblation (for ancestors), belonging to or fit for Kavis (ancestors)
  noun (neuter)
  From kavi 'poet, sage, ancestor'.

Note: Instrument of 'bhāvayanti'.

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - celestial beings, dwellers of heaven, gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dweller of heaven, god, celestial

Compound: div (heaven) + okas (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
  From root div 'to shine'.
  Root: div (class 4)
• okas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas 'to dwell'.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhāvayanti'.