महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-101, verse-16

तमसा चावृते लोके मृत्युनाभ्यर्दिताः प्रजाः ।
त्वामेव नाथमासाद्य निर्वृतिं परमां गताः ॥१६॥

16. tamasā cāvṛte loke mṛtyunābhyarditāḥ prajāḥ ,
tvāmeva nāthamāsādya nirvṛtiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ.

16. tamasā ca āvṛte loke mṛtyunā abhyarditāḥ prajāḥ
tvām eva nātham āsādya nirvṛtim paramām gatāḥ

16. And when the world was enveloped in darkness and living beings were afflicted by death, they attained the highest bliss (nirvṛti) by approaching you alone as their lord.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance

• च (ca) - and, also

• आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death

• अभ्यर्दिताः (abhyarditāḥ) - afflicted, distressed, oppressed

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings, humanity (creatures, offspring, people)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• नाथम् (nātham) - lord, protector, master

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having obtained, having reached

• निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - supreme bliss, ultimate happiness, final emancipation (mokṣa)

• परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, excellent

• गताः (gatāḥ) - attained, gone to, reached

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, gloom

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛ (to cover, conceal) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with loke

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Denotes place or state

मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality

From √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Agent of abhyarditāḥ

अभ्यर्दिताः (abhyarditāḥ) - afflicted, distressed, oppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of abhyardita

abhyardita - afflicted, distressed, oppressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From √ṛd (to trouble, torment) with prefixes abhi and ā

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: ṛd (class 6)

Note: Agrees with prajāḥ

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings, humanity (creatures, offspring, people)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, creatures

From pra + √jan (to be born)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of gatāḥ

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Object of āsādya

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

नाथम् (nātham) - lord, protector, master

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, refuge

From √nāth (to ask, to be a lord)

Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Appositive to tvām

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √sad (to sit, go) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Expresses prior action

निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - supreme bliss, ultimate happiness, final emancipation (mokṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirvṛti

nirvṛti - supreme bliss, final emancipation, perfect happiness, cessation

From nir + √vṛt (to be, exist), meaning 'cessation of existence' in one sense, or 'supreme bliss' in another.

Prefix: nir

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of gatāḥ

परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent

Superlative degree

Note: Agrees with nirvṛtim

गताः (gatāḥ) - attained, gone to, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, moved

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with prajāḥ