महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-64, verse-8

अर्जुन उवाच ।
न चैवोक्ता न चानुक्ता हीनतः परुषा गिरः ।
भारताः प्रतिजल्पन्ति सदा तूत्तमपूरुषाः ॥८॥

8. arjuna uvāca ,
na caivoktā na cānuktā hīnataḥ paruṣā giraḥ ,
bhāratāḥ pratijalpanti sadā tūttamapūruṣāḥ.

8. arjunaḥ uvāca na ca eva uktāḥ na ca anuktāḥ hīnataḥ
paruṣāḥ giraḥ bhāratāḥ pratijalpanti sadā tu uttamapuruṣāḥ

8. Arjuna said: 'Noble individuals (uttamapuruṣa) among the Bhāratas never respond with harsh words—neither directly spoken nor merely implied—even when in a disadvantaged position. Indeed, they always (act nobly).'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, uttered (feminine plural)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• अनुक्ताः (anuktāḥ) - unspoken, unuttered, implied (feminine plural)

• हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - from a lowly state, from inferiority, from weakness, meanly

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel (feminine plural)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - words, speech (feminine plural)

• भारताः (bhāratāḥ) - refers to the noble people of the Bhārata lineage/land (the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata), the inhabitants of Bhārata)

• प्रतिजल्पन्ति (pratijalpanti) - they reply, they speak in return, they dispute

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• उत्तमपुरुषाः (uttamapuruṣāḥ) - noble individuals, those with excellent character (noble persons, best of men, supreme beings (uttamapuruṣa))

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a proper noun), white, clear, silver

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard introductory verb for speech.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, uttered (feminine plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, uttered, told

Past Passive Participle

From root √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'giraḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अनुक्ताः (anuktāḥ) - unspoken, unuttered, implied (feminine plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anukta

anukta - unspoken, unsaid, untold, implied

Past Passive Participle (negative prefix)

From root √vac (to speak) with negative prefix 'a-'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'giraḥ'.

हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - from a lowly state, from inferiority, from weakness, meanly

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to 'hīna' (low, inferior).

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel (feminine plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind

Note: Modifies 'giraḥ'.

गिरः (giraḥ) - words, speech (feminine plural)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, speech, voice, utterance

Note: Object of 'pratijalpanti'.

भारताः (bhāratāḥ) - refers to the noble people of the Bhārata lineage/land (the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata), the inhabitants of Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, an inhabitant of Bhārata (India), a warrior

Note: In apposition to 'uttamapuruṣāḥ'.

प्रतिजल्पन्ति (pratijalpanti) - they reply, they speak in return, they dispute

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of prati-√jalp

Prefix: prati

Root: jalp (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence, with 'uttamapuruṣāḥ' as the subject.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or adversative particle.

उत्तमपुरुषाः (uttamapuruṣāḥ) - noble individuals, those with excellent character (noble persons, best of men, supreme beings (uttamapuruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uttamapuruṣa

uttamapuruṣa - excellent man, noble person, supreme being (uttamapuruṣa)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+puruṣa)

• uttama – highest, best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' (up)
• puruṣa – man, human being, person, individual
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'pratijalpanti'.