महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-30, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
आज्ञापयामास ततः सेनां भरतसत्तमः ।
अर्जुनप्रमुखैर्गुप्तां लोकपालोपमैर्नरैः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ājñāpayāmāsa tataḥ senāṁ bharatasattamaḥ ,
arjunapramukhairguptāṁ lokapālopamairnaraiḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca ājñāpayāmāsa tataḥ senām bharatasattamaḥ
arjunapramukhaiḥ guptām lokapālopamaiḥ naraiḥ

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ bharatasattamaḥ arjunapramukhaiḥ
lokapālopamaiḥ naraiḥ guptām senām ājñāpayāmāsa

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, the foremost of the Bhāratas (Yudhiṣṭhira) commanded the army, which was guarded by men like the guardians of the world and led by Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• आज्ञापयामास (ājñāpayāmāsa) - he commanded, he ordered

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• भरतसत्तमः (bharatasattamaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava king (best of the Bhāratas, foremost among Bhāratas)

• अर्जुनप्रमुखैः (arjunapramukhaiḥ) - with Arjuna as the chief/foremost, led by Arjuna

• गुप्ताम् (guptām) - protected, guarded

• लोकपालोपमैः (lokapālopamaiḥ) - like the guardians of the world, resembling world-protectors

• नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect form of root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

आज्ञापयामास (ājñāpayāmāsa) - he commanded, he ordered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ājñāpaya

Periphrastic Perfect (Causative)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga ā and causative suffix -aya, forming its periphrastic perfect with āmāsa.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

भरतसत्तमः (bharatasattamaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava king (best of the Bhāratas, foremost among Bhāratas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best or foremost among the Bhāratas

Tatpuruṣa compound: bharata (descendant of Bharata) + sattama (superlative of sat, good/excellent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king, an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• sattama – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of sat (good, excellent).

अर्जुनप्रमुखैः (arjunapramukhaiḥ) - with Arjuna as the chief/foremost, led by Arjuna

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of arjunapramukha

arjunapramukha - having Arjuna as the chief/foremost

Bahuvrihi compound: 'one for whom Arjuna is the chief'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (arjuna+pramukha)

• arjuna – Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost, leader
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agreeing with 'naraiḥ'.

गुप्ताम् (guptām) - protected, guarded

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gupta

gupta - protected, guarded, hidden

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gup (to protect).

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'senām'.

लोकपालोपमैः (lokapālopamaiḥ) - like the guardians of the world, resembling world-protectors

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of lokapālopama

lokapālopama - resembling the guardians of the world

Tatpuruṣa compound: lokapāla (world-guardian) + upama (resembling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (lokapāla+upama)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)
• upama – like, resembling, similar
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

Note: Agreeing with 'naraiḥ'.

नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being