महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-27, verse-9

तत्रेयं धृतराष्ट्रस्य कथा समभवन्नृप ।
तपसो दुश्चरस्यास्य यदयं तप्यते नृपः ॥९॥

9. tatreyaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya kathā samabhavannṛpa ,
tapaso duścarasyāsya yadayaṁ tapyate nṛpaḥ.

9. tatra iyam dhṛtarāṣṭrasya kathā samabhavat nṛpa
tapasaḥ duścarasya asya yat ayam tapyate nṛpaḥ

9. nṛpa iyam dhṛtarāṣṭrasya kathā tatra samabhavat
yat ayam nṛpaḥ asya duścarasya tapasaḥ tapyate

9. O king, this story of Dhritarashtra arose there, concerning this very difficult penance (tapas) that this king is undertaking.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that place

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhritarashtra

• कथा (kathā) - story, narration, tale

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, happened, occurred

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of penance, of austerity; due to penance

• दुश्चरस्य (duścarasya) - of difficult to practice, hard to perform

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• यत् (yat) - that, because, what

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• तप्यते (tapyate) - is undertaking (penance) (performs penance, practices austerity, is tormented)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King Dhritarashtra (the king)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that place

(indeclinable)

derived from tad (that) + tral (locative suffix)

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'kathā'.

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a proper name, king of Hastinapura)

कथा (kathā) - story, narration, tale

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narration

Root: kath (class 1)

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, happened, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samabhū

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: bhū (class 1)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of penance, of austerity; due to penance

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, spiritual devotion, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Can also be ablative singular. Here, functions as 'concerning'.

दुश्चरस्य (duścarasya) - of difficult to practice, hard to perform

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of duścara

duścara - difficult to perform, hard to traverse

`dus` (bad/difficult) + `cara` (moving/going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+cara)

• dus – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, going, performing
  adjective
  derived from root `car`
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tapasaḥ`.

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with `tapasaḥ`.

यत् (yat) - that, because, what

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to `nṛpaḥ` (Dhritarashtra).

तप्यते (tapyate) - is undertaking (penance) (performs penance, practices austerity, is tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Here, meaning 'performs penance' or 'undergoes austerity'.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King Dhritarashtra (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.