महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-27, verse-10

तत्राहमिदमश्रौषं शक्रस्य वदतो नृप ।
वर्षाणि त्रीणि शिष्टानि राज्ञोऽस्य परमायुषः ॥१०॥

10. tatrāhamidamaśrauṣaṁ śakrasya vadato nṛpa ,
varṣāṇi trīṇi śiṣṭāni rājño'sya paramāyuṣaḥ.

10. tatra aham idam aśrauṣam śakrasya vadataḥ nṛpa
varṣāṇi trīṇi śiṣṭāni rājñaḥ asya paramāyuṣaḥ

10. nṛpa tatra aham idam aśrauṣam śakrasya vadataḥ
rājñaḥ asya paramāyuṣaḥ trīṇi varṣāṇi śiṣṭāni

10. There, O king, I heard this from Shakra speaking: 'Three years remain of this king's full lifespan.'

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इदम् (idam) - this (news/statement) (this, that)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Shakra, of Indra

• वदतः (vadataḥ) - speaking, while speaking

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

• शिष्टानि (śiṣṭāni) - remaining, left over

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Dhritarashtra (of the king)

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• परमायुषः (paramāyuṣaḥ) - of the full lifespan, of the ultimate age

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

derived from tad (that) + tral (locative suffix)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

इदम् (idam) - this (news/statement) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of `aśrauṣam`.

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Shakra, of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (name of a deity), powerful

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Denotes the source of the speech.

वदतः (vadataḥ) - speaking, while speaking

(verbal derivative)

Note: Refers to Shakra, indicating he was speaking when the speaker heard.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to the listener (Janamejaya or similar).

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are remaining'.

त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

(numeral)

शिष्टानि (śiṣṭāni) - remaining, left over

(verbal derivative)

Note: Predicative adjective for `varṣāṇi`.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Dhritarashtra (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with `rājñaḥ`.

परमायुषः (paramāyuṣaḥ) - of the full lifespan, of the ultimate age

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paramāyus

paramāyus - full lifespan, ultimate age

`parama` (supreme/ultimate) + `āyus` (life/span)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āyus)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective
  superlative of `pra`
• āyus – life, lifespan, duration
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `rājñaḥ` and `asya`.